{"title":"Commerce and Industry","description":"\u003cp data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDiscover the transactions and enterprises that shaped everyday life in The Archive Authority’s Commerce, Business, and Trade collection. Featuring historic correspondence, invoices, receipts, contracts, and merchant records, these documents trace the exchange of goods, services, and ideas across communities and continents. From modest purchases to ambitious commercial ventures, each piece preserves the stories of people earning a living, building businesses, and navigating changing markets—offering collectors a tangible connection to the working world of the past.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","products":[{"product_id":"1838-phila-to-havana-shipping-document-involving-controversial-nicholas-trist","title":"1838 Phila. To Havana Shipping Document Involving Controversial Nicholas Trist","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis document is a partly-printed U.S. commercial shipping document, specifically an \"Oath of the Master and Mate,\" \"Consul's Certificate,\" and \"Merchants' Certificate\" from the Port of Havana, Cuba, dated January 16, 1838. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDocument Details\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePurpose: These forms were used to certify the origin and contents of a cargo, likely to comply with trade laws and pay appropriate duties. The \"Oath of the Master and Mate\" attests that the goods originated in the United States and were not illegally traded.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eLocation \u0026amp; Date: The document was completed and signed in Havana on January 16, 1838.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eKey Individuals Mentioned:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eNicholas P. Trist: Signed the Consul's Certificate as the United States Consul in Havana from 1833 to 1841. Trist was a controversial figure who faced accusations of involvement in fraudulent document schemes related to the illegal slave trade during his tenure.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBusto Sugar (likely \"Busto y Sugar\"): Signed as the merchant who provided the initial certificate.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePossene Smith (likely Jose R. Sobio\/Smith): Signed the Master's oath. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHistorical Context\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDocuments like this were part of the complex trade landscape of the era, which included significant controversy over the use of the U.S. flag to circumvent international treaties banning the slave trade. The British Commission in Havana actively investigated Trist's consulate regarding these practices, claiming the false documents allowed illegal sales of Africans into bondage. \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"My Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44600889573454,"sku":"EB-326946997285","price":325.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0768\/8155\/9630\/files\/57_179aeea7-f324-40ee-82ce-5e50d66ec092.jpg?v=1792408645"},{"product_id":"1799-bill-of-exchange-protest-hamburg-philadelphia-clement-biddle-signed","title":"1799 Bill of Exchange Protest Hamburg Philadelphia Clement Biddle Signed","description":"\u003cp\u003eOffered here is an original 1799 transatlantic bill of exchange with notarial protest, linking Philadelphia and Hamburg, and documenting a failed international financial transaction during the early years of the United States.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis large 12 1\/2 x 15 1\/2 folio manuscript records a bill drawn in Philadelphia (July 19, 1799) for the substantial sum of 18,709 Marks Banco, payable in Hamburg. Upon presentation, payment was refused, and a formal protest for non-payment was issued in November 1799—preserved here in full.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe document is signed by Clement Biddle (1740–1814), a prominent Philadelphia merchant and notary public, adding significant historical importance and collector appeal.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eKey Features:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDated 1799 (with endorsements into 1800)\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTransatlantic trade: Philadelphia ↔ Hamburg\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAmount: 18,709 Marks Banco\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eComplete protest for non-payment\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMultiple merchant endorsements on verso\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eOriginal embossed notarial seal intact\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSigned by Clement Biddle\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHistorical Significance:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBills of exchange were the backbone of 18th-century global commerce. This example provides a rare, complete record of a dishonored international transaction and the legal process that followed.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"My Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44600934957134,"sku":"EB-327085224310","price":1196.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0768\/8155\/9630\/files\/57_b3d09adb-c6fe-4d19-8554-8b2c1fefeaa8.jpg?v=1792408845"},{"product_id":"ship-passport-signed-by-james-monroe-and-john-quincy-adams","title":"Ship Passport Signed By James Monroe And John Quincy Adams","description":"\u003cp\u003e19th-century United States ship passport \/ sea letter issued under President James Monroe for the vessel Alliance of Newport.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eKey details visible on the document:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDate: December 1821\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSigned by: James Monroe as President and John Quincy Adams as Secretary of State\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eIssued in: Newport, Rhode Island\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eVessel: Alliance of Newport\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCaptain\/master: “James C. Swain”\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEmbossed federal seal intact\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePrinted maritime vignette with ship and lighthouse imagery\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eThese documents were official federal papers carried by American merchant vessels to establish nationality and trading rights abroad. They were commonly issued on vellum or rag paper and folded for shipboard use.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eEarly U.S. federal maritime document\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eStrong decorative engraving\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEmbossed seal survives clearly\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAssociation with John Quincy Adams\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGood handwritten annotations on reverse\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eComplete and authentic appearance\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCondition issues affecting value:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHeavy fold wear\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eToning and staining\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSeveral circular punch cancellations\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCreasing and edge wear\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eLikely trimmed lower edge in scallop form as issued\/folded\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"My Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44600962941006,"sku":"EB-327153091886","price":2750.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0768\/8155\/9630\/files\/57_ae900599-c463-421a-91a0-06c5ec4d831a.jpg?v=1792408932"},{"product_id":"18th-century-british-merchant-accounting-manuscript","title":"18th century British Merchant\/accounting Manuscript.","description":"\u003cp\u003eOriginal 18th Century British Merchant Accounting Manuscript – Dated May 28, 1763\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDescription\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eOffered is an original handwritten Georgian-era financial manuscript dated May 28, 1763, written in elegant period iron gall ink on laid rag paper.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe document appears to record settlement of a bill of exchange and associated interest calculations involving merchants in Hertford and Dunsby, England. Currency is expressed in pre-decimal British pounds, shillings, and pence.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis manuscript features:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eOriginal 1763 date\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBeautiful flowing 18th century penmanship\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePeriod accounting and mercantile terminology\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAuthentic laid paper with visible age and fold lines\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHistoric British commercial content\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAn excellent piece for collectors of:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eColonial \/ Georgian manuscripts\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEarly finance and banking history\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBritish mercantile documents\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAntique handwriting and calligraphy\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePre-Revolutionary War paper collectibles\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCondition\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eOriginal unrestored condition with age toning, folds, edge wear, and minor staining consistent with age. Please review all photographs carefully.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"My Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44600984141902,"sku":"EB-327177991992","price":300.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0768\/8155\/9630\/files\/57_532aac75-2ef4-4f29-8320-93c83573f7db.jpg?v=1792409011"},{"product_id":"1800-edenton-nc-merchant-letter-account-statement-norfolk-va-trade","title":"1800 Edenton NC Merchant Letter \u0026 Account Statement, Norfolk VA Trade","description":"\u003cp\u003e1800 Edenton NC Merchant Letter \u0026amp; Account Statement – Norfolk VA Trade – Early American Commerce\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDescription\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eOriginal Federal-period merchant letter written at Edenton, North Carolina, dated May 15, 1800, addressed to John Washington.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis fascinating commercial manuscript discusses the settlement of accounts, delivery of goods, sales through agents, bonds, commissions, freight charges, and auction proceeds. The correspondence references Norfolk, Virginia merchants and provides a detailed glimpse into the operation of coastal American trade immediately following the Revolutionary era.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAccompanying the letter is an extensive manuscript accounting statement listing transactions from 1797–1798, balances, credits, and calculations associated with the account.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHistorical Significance\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEdenton was one of North Carolina's most important early ports and commercial centers. During this period merchants regularly exchanged goods with Norfolk and other Chesapeake ports through networks of agents, factors, and shipping partners. This letter documents those business relationships in remarkable detail.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFeatures\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eOriginal manuscript letter\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEdenton, North Carolina\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDated May 15, 1800\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAddressed to John Washington\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMulti-page correspondence\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDetailed accounting statement included\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eReferences Norfolk, Virginia trade\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFederal-period commercial history\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eOriginal ink on laid paper\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCondition\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGood original condition for age. Typical folds, toning, handling wear, and minor edge wear consistent with a document more than 225 years old. Handwriting remains largely legible throughout.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePlease review all photographs carefully.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCollector Appeal\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAn outstanding item for collectors of:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEarly American manuscripts\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eNorth Carolina history\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eVirginia maritime commerce\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMerchant correspondence\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFederal-period finance\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGenealogy and economic history\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eA scarce surviving commercial letter from the first years of the American republic.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"My Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44600994201678,"sku":"EB-327187743980","price":475.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0768\/8155\/9630\/files\/57_0b47830a-03d7-4733-b93b-393128512d86.jpg?v=1792409049"},{"product_id":"1778-french-bill-of-exchange-protest","title":"1778 French Bill Of Exchange Protest","description":"\u003cp\u003e1778 Century French Bill of Exchange Protest Notarial Commercial Manuscript\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eOriginal French Merchant Finance Document – Lettre de Change\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eOffered is an original eighteenth-century French manuscript concerning a lettre de change (bill of exchange) and its formal protest for non-acceptance or non-payment.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWritten entirely in French cursive legal hand, the document records the presentation of a bill of exchange, the refusal of acceptance, and the subsequent notarial protest preserving legal rights against the parties involved.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe manuscript contains numerous references to:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eLettre de change (bill of exchange)\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRefus d'acceptation\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eProtestation\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMerchants and commercial obligations\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eLegal notices and attestations\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMultiple signatures and endorsements\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe reverse contains additional docketing and legal annotations recording the matter for future reference.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSuch documents formed the legal backbone of European commerce during the eighteenth century and are tangible survivors of the financial system that supported trade before modern banking.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDetails\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eOriginal French manuscript\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCirca 1770–1800\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCommercial law document\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBill of exchange protest\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eNotarial financial record\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMultiple signatures\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIron-gall manuscript ink\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFour pages of text\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eExcellent genealogical and research potential\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCondition\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGood original condition with expected fold wear, age toning, and minor edge losses. Ink remains strong and the manuscript is fully displayable.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHistorical Significance\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAn attractive and highly collectible example of eighteenth-century European commerce documenting the legal enforcement of a dishonored bill of exchange. An excellent addition to collections of French history, banking history, merchant trade, legal manuscripts, and early financial documents.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"My Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44601017466958,"sku":"EB-327199159509","price":325.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0768\/8155\/9630\/files\/57_397d87de-0722-4ae7-8aa7-6b5baac7127a.jpg?v=1792409144"},{"product_id":"1766-colonial-merchant-memorandum","title":"1766 Colonial Merchant Memorandum","description":"\u003cp\u003e1766 Colonial American Merchant Memorandum Account Hobnails Sprigs Jonathan Lane\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eOriginal pre-Revolutionary business record with period accounting and trade references.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eDescription\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eOffered is an original colonial American manuscript memorandum dated:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eOctober 7, 1766\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe document records a merchant purchasing order and business memorandum referencing period trade goods and hardware, including:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eOne piece of cloth (\"Huntums\")\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHobnails\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSprigs (small nails)\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMerchant\/supplier Jonathan Lane\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe reverse is filled with contemporary accounting calculations in pounds, shillings, and pence, providing an excellent example of eighteenth-century bookkeeping and commercial practice.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003ePlease note: it is possible that the reverse is actually a colonial period school exercise.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis manuscript dates to the decade preceding the American Revolution and represents authentic colonial business activity.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eHistorical Significance\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDated 1766\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eColonial American manuscript\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMerchant and trade history\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eOriginal accounting calculations\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eReferences building materials and textiles\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAttractive period handwriting\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eExcellent Americana collectible\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003eCondition\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eOriginal manuscript on laid paper.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDisplays expected folds, edge losses, toning, staining, and handling wear consistent with age and use. Writing remains clear and legible. Please review photographs carefully for condition details.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"My Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44601024118862,"sku":"EB-327204279268","price":299.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0768\/8155\/9630\/files\/57_74b6e92c-c5f7-4439-a076-1a9e8c46516a.jpg?v=1792409179"},{"product_id":"1719-1714-colonial-portsmouth-letter-signed-by-thomas-burke-boston-merchant","title":"1719 Colonial Portsmouth Letter Signed By Thomas Burke Boston Merchant","description":"\u003cp\u003e1719 Colonial Portsmouth Letter Signed by Thomas Burke to John Ford | Early American Merchant Manuscript | Boston Trade\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAn original colonial American autograph letter signed by Thomas Burke, written at Portsmouth on December 8, 1719, and addressed to John Ford.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWritten more than half a century before the American Revolution, the letter concerns a business transaction and financial settlement. Burke explains that he has been disappointed in expected returns and encloses either one pound in money or an order payable in Boston to complete payment.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe reverse of the manuscript contains fascinating contemporary household memoranda dated 1790, recording the movements of a colt and calf, illustrating the common eighteenth-century practice of reusing valuable paper for farm records.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHighlights\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOriginal autograph letter signed by Thomas Burke\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAddressed to John Ford\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePortsmouth, December 8, 1719\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eReferences payment through Boston\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOriginal laid paper with iron gall ink\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eReverse with 1790 livestock records\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOutstanding example of early colonial American commerce\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOne-of-a-kind historical manuscript\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCondition\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExpected wear for a document over 300 years old, including folds, edge losses, small tears, and age toning. Writing remains largely legible, and the manuscript displays very well.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAn exceptional addition to any collection of:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eColonial America\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEarly American commerce\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNew England history\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eManuscript letters\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGenealogy\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRevolutionary-era antecedents\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHistoric Americana\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGuaranteed original.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"My Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44601071075406,"sku":"EB-327233504207","price":295.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0768\/8155\/9630\/files\/57_a0a23568-eff7-4a17-b78b-66ab83209ef6.jpg?v=1792409375"},{"product_id":"1778-bordeaux-france-bill-of-exchange","title":"1778 Bordeaux France Bill of Exchange","description":"\u003cp\u003eOriginal 18th-century French bill of exchange dated June 18, 1778, issued in Bordeaux and payable in Paris for the sum of 600 livres tournois.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis authentic commercial document represents early international finance during the era of the American Revolutionary War, when French trade and banking networks were highly active.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHandwritten in French with period iron gall ink on laid paper, featuring multiple folds consistent with postal transmission. Endorsed on reverse, indicating circulation between parties.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDetails:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDate: 1778\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eLocation: Bordeaux, France\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePayable: Paris\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAmount: 600 livres\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eLanguage: French\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eType: Lettre de change (bill of exchange)\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCondition: Good antique condition with folds, light staining, and edge wear\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHistorical Significance:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDocuments like this were essential to long-distance trade, allowing merchants to transfer funds securely between cities without moving coin.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eA genuine and attractive piece for collectors of early finance, French history, or Revolutionary-era artifacts.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eShipping:\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCarefully packaged flat with archival protection.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"My Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44601079234638,"sku":"EB-327112222818","price":150.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0768\/8155\/9630\/files\/57_de4dce9e-dbdd-41a3-b706-ad5941911e07.jpg?v=1792409412"},{"product_id":"1788-revolutionary-war-era-pennsylvania-bill-of-sale-cumberland-county","title":"1788 Revolutionary War-Era Pennsylvania Bill of Sale – Cumberland County,","description":"\u003cp data-start=\"3127\" data-end=\"3410\" class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\"\u003eAn original Revolutionary War-era manuscript bill of sale executed in \u003cstrong data-start=\"3197\" data-end=\"3232\"\u003eCumberland County, Pennsylvania\u003c\/strong\u003e, dated \u003cstrong data-start=\"3240\" data-end=\"3258\"\u003eApril 1788\u003c\/strong\u003e conveying livestock and household property from \u003cstrong data-start=\"3308\" data-end=\"3327\"\u003eWilliam Gruston\u003c\/strong\u003e [surname spelling to be verified] to \u003cstrong data-start=\"3365\" data-end=\"3382\"\u003eStephen Frost\u003c\/strong\u003e for valuable consideration.\u003cspan aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchor\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3412\" data-end=\"3693\"\u003eThe document records the transfer of numerous items of personal property, including \u003cstrong data-start=\"3496\" data-end=\"3597\"\u003ethree horses, two cows, a black calf, seven sheep, two hogs, household furniture, and other goods\u003c\/strong\u003e, illustrating the agricultural economy of frontier Pennsylvania during the American Revolution.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3695\" data-end=\"4156\"\u003eThe conveyance was formally acknowledged before \u003cstrong data-start=\"3743\" data-end=\"3759\"\u003eWilliam Lyon\u003c\/strong\u003e, Justice of the Court of Common Pleas, and was officially entered into the Cumberland County deed records on \u003cstrong data-start=\"3869\" data-end=\"3884\"\u003eMay 1, 1788\u003c\/strong\u003e, as noted in the recording endorsement on the reverse: \u003cstrong data-start=\"3940\" data-end=\"3970\"\u003eBook H, Volume I, Page 519\u003c\/strong\u003e, in the Borough of Carlisle. Carlisle served as a major military depot and supply center for the Continental Army throughout the Revolutionary War. \u003cspan class=\"\" data-state=\"closed\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4158\" data-end=\"4366\"\u003eA particularly attractive feature is the \u003cstrong data-start=\"4199\" data-end=\"4237\"\u003eoriginal embossed paper-wafer seal\u003c\/strong\u003e, still intact with its red pigment, a decorative survival seldom encountered on eighteenth-century Pennsylvania legal documents.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4368\" data-end=\"4685\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"4368\" data-end=\"4377\"\u003eDate:\u003c\/strong\u003e April 1788\u003cbr data-start=\"4392\" data-end=\"4395\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"4395\" data-end=\"4405\"\u003ePlace:\u003c\/strong\u003e Cumberland County [Carlisle], Pennsylvania\u003cbr data-start=\"4448\" data-end=\"4451\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"4451\" data-end=\"4469\"\u003eDocument Type:\u003c\/strong\u003e Revolutionary War-era Bill of Sale [Chattel Deed]\u003cbr data-start=\"4519\" data-end=\"4522\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"4522\" data-end=\"4535\"\u003eRecorded:\u003c\/strong\u003e May 1, 1788, Book H, Vol. I, p. 519\u003cbr data-start=\"4571\" data-end=\"4574\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"4574\" data-end=\"4588\"\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e Very good, with original folds, excellent manuscript quality, and an intact embossed wafer seal.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4687\" data-end=\"4908\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\"\u003eAn outstanding original Revolutionary-period legal manuscript with excellent visual appeal, ideal for collectors of colonial Pennsylvania, Revolutionary War history, early American law, and eighteenth-century manuscripts.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"My Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44601113641038,"sku":"EB-52577389707546","price":325.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0768\/8155\/9630\/files\/57_59e6b81f-38a2-4410-bd93-07582db06516.jpg?v=1792409557"},{"product_id":"1807-early-philadelphia-customs-archive-ship-rebecca-from-liverpool-james","title":"1807 Early Philadelphia Customs Archive – Ship Rebecca from Liverpool – James","description":"\u003cp class=\"isSelectedEnd\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eA matched pair of early United States customs documents recording merchandise imported from Liverpool into the Port of Philadelphia aboard the ship Rebecca.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"isSelectedEnd\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe first is an official “Entry of Merchandise” completed for importer James Hunter. It identifies the vessel as the ship Rebecca and records a cargo consisting of one cask and one box, apparently containing slates. An official bill or entry number and customs notation also appear on the form.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"isSelectedEnd\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe companion document is federal Customs Form No. 13, headed:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"isSelectedEnd\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e“Form of the Oath or Affirmation to be Taken by the Owner or Consignee of Merchandise Imported from a Foreign Port.”\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"isSelectedEnd\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eIn this sworn declaration, James Hunter affirms that the accompanying entry provides a true account of all goods imported or intended to be landed in the District of Philadelphia. It identifies the merchandise as arriving aboard the ship Rebecca from Liverpool, with John Barry serving as master. Hunter also swears that nothing was concealed to avoid payment of duties imposed by the laws of the United States.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"isSelectedEnd\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThese documents illustrate the mechanics of America’s early federal customs system. Import duties collected at ports such as Philadelphia provided a major portion of the federal government’s operating revenue during the republic’s formative years.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"isSelectedEnd\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe John Barry identified as the Rebecca’s master should not be confused with Commodore John Barry of the United States Navy, who died in 1803.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"isSelectedEnd\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDate:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e Early 19th century, apparently January 11, possibly 1807\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePort:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e Philadelphia\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003eImporter or consignee:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e James Hunter\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003eVessel:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e Ship Rebecca\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMaster:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e John Barry\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePort of origin:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e Liverpool\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCargo:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e One cask and one box, apparently containing slates\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCondition:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e Both documents have original folds, toning, scattered stains, small holes, edge tears and losses. The principal printed and handwritten information remains legible. Offered together as a related customs archive.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"My Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44601119014990,"sku":"EB-52866317582618","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0768\/8155\/9630\/files\/57_0d15fb32-2fa0-463a-ae4f-daf4019e8427.jpg?v=1792409577"},{"product_id":"1759-1763-colonial-boston-merchant-ledger-john-hull-co-estate-of","title":"1759–1763 Colonial Boston Merchant Ledger – John Hull \u0026 Co. – Estate of","description":"\u003cp data-start=\"2834\" data-end=\"3073\" class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\"\u003eOriginal eighteenth-century merchant account current documenting commercial transactions between \u003cstrong data-start=\"2931\" data-end=\"2950\"\u003eJohn Hull \u0026amp; Co.\u003c\/strong\u003e and \u003cstrong data-start=\"2955\" data-end=\"2988\"\u003ethe Estate of Ebenezer Storer\u003c\/strong\u003e, covering business conducted from \u003cstrong data-start=\"3023\" data-end=\"3053\"\u003e1759 through February 1763\u003c\/strong\u003e in colonial Boston.\u003cspan aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchor\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3075\" data-end=\"3516\"\u003eThe ledger records purchases of imported English merchandise, including London gloves, cotton goods, flannel, linen handkerchiefs, buttons, pepper, tape, shoe buckles, Bengal cloth, gauze, women's gloves, and numerous other dry goods and sundries. Cash payments and credits are carefully entered in period iron-gall ink, reflecting the bookkeeping practices of Boston merchants during the years immediately preceding the American Revolution.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3518\" data-end=\"3586\"\u003eThe account concludes with a contemporary acceptance notation dated:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3588\" data-end=\"3654\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"3588\" data-end=\"3654\"\u003e\"Boston, February 18, 1763 – Errors Excepted – Edward Storer.\"\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3656\" data-end=\"4011\"\u003eWritten on laid paper and preserved in very good condition, this manuscript provides a fascinating glimpse into the commercial life of colonial Massachusetts during the French and Indian War era. Merchant account sheets of this quality are increasingly difficult to obtain, particularly those preserving complete transactional details over multiple years.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4013\" data-end=\"4227\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\"\u003eAn attractive and highly displayable piece of early American economic history, ideal for collectors of colonial manuscripts, Boston history, New England mercantile records, and pre-Revolutionary American documents.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"487\" data-end=\"585\" class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\"\u003eThe document records purchases of imported British dry goods and household merchandise, including:\u003cspan aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchor\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"587\" data-end=\"777\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"yoe7vo\" data-start=\"587\" data-end=\"602\"\u003eLondon gloves\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"1t4vqnp\" data-start=\"603\" data-end=\"617\"\u003eCotton goods\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"17nprt9\" data-start=\"618\" data-end=\"627\"\u003eButtons\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"1gqmmhx\" data-start=\"628\" data-end=\"649\"\u003eLinen handkerchiefs\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"12bpwwa\" data-start=\"650\" data-end=\"659\"\u003eFlannel\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"396i3u\" data-start=\"660\" data-end=\"668\"\u003ePepper\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"1j4cy6g\" data-start=\"669\" data-end=\"675\"\u003eTape\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"1kad0sc\" data-start=\"676\" data-end=\"690\"\u003eShoe buckles\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"veyr5y\" data-start=\"691\" data-end=\"707\"\u003eWomen's gloves\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"1iucv5j\" data-start=\"708\" data-end=\"722\"\u003eBengal cloth\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"1704y84\" data-start=\"723\" data-end=\"730\"\u003eGauze\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"d7p4gc\" data-start=\"731\" data-end=\"749\"\u003eVarious sundries\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"12i3nkd\" data-start=\"750\" data-end=\"777\"\u003eCash payments and credits\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"779\" data-end=\"820\"\u003eThe reverse bears an acceptance notation:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cblockquote data-start=\"822\" data-end=\"899\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"824\" data-end=\"899\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"824\" data-end=\"853\"\u003eBoston, February 18, 1763\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"853\" data-end=\"856\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"858\" data-end=\"877\"\u003eErrors Excepted\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"877\" data-end=\"880\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"882\" data-end=\"899\"\u003eEdward Storer\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"901\" data-end=\"1037\"\u003eThis indicates the account was reviewed and accepted by \u003cstrong data-start=\"957\" data-end=\"974\"\u003eEdward Storer\u003c\/strong\u003e, likely acting on behalf of the estate of \u003cstrong data-start=\"1017\" data-end=\"1036\"\u003eEbenezer Storer\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1039\" data-end=\"1061\"\u003eThe account is headed:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cblockquote data-start=\"1063\" data-end=\"1120\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1065\" data-end=\"1120\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1065\" data-end=\"1120\"\u003e\"John Hull \u0026amp; Co. To the Late Compy. of Eben Storer\"\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1122\" data-end=\"1512\"\u003eThe handwriting, accounting format, and imported textile inventory are typical of Boston merchant records immediately before the American Revolution. Such ledgers document the dependence of colonial New England on imported English manufactured goods. Merchant account books of this type are important primary sources for the study of colonial commerce. \u003cspan class=\"\" data-state=\"closed\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"1514\" data-end=\"1517\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-section-id=\"hlyorq\" data-start=\"1519\" data-end=\"1545\"\u003eHistorical Significance\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1547\" data-end=\"1785\"\u003eAlthough this is not the seventeenth-century mintmaster John Hull, it is an excellent surviving \u003cstrong data-start=\"1643\" data-end=\"1670\"\u003eBoston merchant account\u003c\/strong\u003e from the French and Indian War era, documenting consumer purchases only a dozen years before the Boston Tea Party.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1787\" data-end=\"2095\"\u003eThe variety of imported fabrics and haberdashery items provides an excellent snapshot of everyday commerce among Boston's merchant class during the 1760s. Similar merchant accounts were typically discarded after settlement, making surviving examples increasingly scarce. \u003cspan class=\"\" data-state=\"closed\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"2097\" data-end=\"2100\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-section-id=\"hrykuu\" data-start=\"2102\" data-end=\"2114\"\u003eCondition\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"2116\" data-end=\"2346\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"mdxnc3\" data-start=\"2116\" data-end=\"2141\"\u003eLarge laid-paper folio.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"1ax6gs8\" data-start=\"2142\" data-end=\"2171\"\u003eStrong, dark iron-gall ink.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"y73byr\" data-start=\"2172\" data-end=\"2202\"\u003eComplete and highly legible.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"13zwg0l\" data-start=\"2203\" data-end=\"2222\"\u003eNormal fold wear.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"jng2j2\" data-start=\"2223\" data-end=\"2259\"\u003eMinor edge losses at upper margin.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"13htdjl\" data-start=\"2260\" data-end=\"2303\"\u003eNo significant paper loss affecting text.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"4hkvgz\" data-start=\"2304\" data-end=\"2346\"\u003eVery good colonial manuscript condition.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"My Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44601154633806,"sku":"EB-52598010347802","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0768\/8155\/9630\/files\/57_6fee5d50-ea21-4c19-9bb4-71baac243631.jpg?v=1792409694"},{"product_id":"1770-colonial-shipping-cargo-manifest-sloop-hills-merchant-account","title":"1770 Colonial Shipping Cargo Manifest – Sloop Hills – Merchant Account","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col gap-4 grow\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-message-author-role=\"assistant\" data-message-id=\"d3f6a3b1-42ce-4ccc-b83e-ce6dd2ac05e5\" data-turn-start-message=\"true\" dir=\"auto\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-5-5\" class=\"min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 text-start break-words whitespace-normal outline-none keyboard-focused:focus-ring [.text-message+\u0026amp;]:mt-1\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown prose dark:prose-invert wrap-break-word w-full light markdown-new-styling\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2793\" data-end=\"3111\" class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\"\u003eOriginal colonial American manuscript cargo account dated \u003cstrong data-start=\"2851\" data-end=\"2870\"\u003eJanuary 9, 1770\u003c\/strong\u003e, recording merchandise delivered from the \u003cstrong data-start=\"2913\" data-end=\"2928\"\u003eSloop Hills\u003c\/strong\u003e to merchant \u003cstrong data-start=\"2941\" data-end=\"2959\"\u003eMyles Williams\u003c\/strong\u003e. Prepared only six years before the Declaration of Independence, the document provides a fascinating snapshot of everyday commerce in colonial America.\u003cspan aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchor\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3113\" data-end=\"3570\"\u003eThe inventory lists an assortment of goods unloaded from the vessel, including \u003cstrong data-start=\"3192\" data-end=\"3336\"\u003ebeef, pork, flour, tar, butter, 1,300 staves, 1,826 bricks, bushels of oats, sugar, tallow, wheat, casks, chairs, nuts, and other provisions\u003c\/strong\u003e, with contemporary quantity calculations recorded alongside the entries. Such documents served as working merchant records documenting the receipt and distribution of cargo moving through the coastal trade that linked colonial ports.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3572\" data-end=\"4028\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\"\u003eWritten on laid paper and docketed on the reverse, this manuscript is a fine survival of eighteenth-century commercial history. Unlike formal legal documents, working cargo inventories were often discarded after accounts were settled, making original examples increasingly scarce. An excellent addition for collectors of colonial Americana, maritime history, merchant records, early commerce, shipping manuscripts, and pre-Revolutionary American documents.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"161\" data-end=\"324\" class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"326\" data-end=\"344\"\u003eThe heading reads:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cblockquote data-start=\"346\" data-end=\"446\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"348\" data-end=\"446\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"348\" data-end=\"446\"\u003e\"1770. The account of the Sloop Hills Cargo Delivered to Myles Williams January the 9th 1770.\"\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"448\" data-end=\"546\"\u003eIt is a merchant's cargo memorandum listing provisions and merchandise discharged from the vessel.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"548\" data-end=\"551\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-section-id=\"1c7c49r\" data-start=\"553\" data-end=\"564\"\u003eContents\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"566\" data-end=\"595\"\u003eAmong the cargo recorded are:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"597\" data-end=\"1018\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"1j426ek\" data-start=\"597\" data-end=\"603\"\u003eBeef\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"1j49qdq\" data-start=\"604\" data-end=\"610\"\u003ePork\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"947pum\" data-start=\"611\" data-end=\"628\"\u003eBarrels of pork\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"h352sa\" data-start=\"629\" data-end=\"647\"\u003eBarrels of flour\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"nybhun\" data-start=\"648\" data-end=\"664\"\u003eBarrels of tar\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"1w1riaw\" data-start=\"665\" data-end=\"673\"\u003eButter\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"1cwceut\" data-start=\"674\" data-end=\"737\"\u003eMoon [likely \"meal\" or another provision—partially illegible]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"qfqhz4\" data-start=\"738\" data-end=\"756\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"740\" data-end=\"756\"\u003e1,300 staves\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"6pj40r\" data-start=\"757\" data-end=\"781\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"759\" data-end=\"781\"\u003e72 bushels of oats\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"xipxcb\" data-start=\"782\" data-end=\"800\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"784\" data-end=\"800\"\u003e1,826 bricks\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"1dh6ikd\" data-start=\"801\" data-end=\"823\"\u003eOnion tops and wheat\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"14qift7\" data-start=\"824\" data-end=\"879\"\u003eApproximately \u003cstrong data-start=\"840\" data-end=\"852\"\u003e760 pegs\u003c\/strong\u003e [or similar hardware item]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"bvxfqf\" data-start=\"880\" data-end=\"908\"\u003eAdditional bushels of oats\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"1lsqr2c\" data-start=\"909\" data-end=\"924\"\u003eBags of sugar\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"5rn1lx\" data-start=\"925\" data-end=\"933\"\u003eTallow\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"183erzo\" data-start=\"934\" data-end=\"948\"\u003eWinter wheat\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"94f090\" data-start=\"949\" data-end=\"966\"\u003eBarrels of nuts\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"169akrl\" data-start=\"967\" data-end=\"980\"\u003eHogshead[s]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"16xbffl\" data-start=\"981\" data-end=\"988\"\u003eCasks\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"1ux6362\" data-start=\"989\" data-end=\"997\"\u003eChairs\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"gqbh5l\" data-start=\"998\" data-end=\"1018\"\u003eChop [animal feed]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1020\" data-end=\"1092\"\u003eA contemporary tally appears in the center, totaling quantities of meat:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"1094\" data-end=\"1107\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"1j49qdq\" data-start=\"1094\" data-end=\"1100\"\u003ePork\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"1j426ek\" data-start=\"1101\" data-end=\"1107\"\u003eBeef\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1109\" data-end=\"1201\"\u003eThe reverse carries a contemporary docket identifying the document as relating to the cargo.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"1203\" data-end=\"1206\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-section-id=\"hlyorq\" data-start=\"1208\" data-end=\"1234\"\u003eHistorical Significance\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1236\" data-end=\"1316\"\u003eThis is an excellent example of a \u003cstrong data-start=\"1270\" data-end=\"1315\"\u003ecolonial American coastal shipping record\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1318\" data-end=\"1524\"\u003eDocuments of this type were created by merchants upon receipt of cargo arriving from coastal vessels. They illustrate the complex trade networks that connected colonial ports before the American Revolution.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1526\" data-end=\"1560\"\u003eThe cargo represents a mixture of:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"1562\" data-end=\"1661\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"4l82az\" data-start=\"1562\" data-end=\"1574\"\u003eFoodstuffs\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"q552me\" data-start=\"1575\" data-end=\"1595\"\u003eBuilding materials\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"uapzyh\" data-start=\"1596\" data-end=\"1619\"\u003eAgricultural products\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"18ys86u\" data-start=\"1620\" data-end=\"1640\"\u003eHousehold supplies\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"exg66g\" data-start=\"1641\" data-end=\"1661\"\u003eMerchant inventory\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1663\" data-end=\"2145\"\u003eThe inclusion of \u003cstrong data-start=\"1680\" data-end=\"1750\"\u003estaves, bricks, sugar, tallow, flour, oats, and livestock products\u003c\/strong\u003e illustrates the diverse commodities exchanged through colonial maritime commerce. Such working business documents were generally discarded after accounts were settled, making surviving examples relatively uncommon today. Similar shipping and cargo account books are preserved in maritime archives such as Mystic Seaport and the New-York Historical Society. \u003cspan class=\"\" data-state=\"closed\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"2147\" data-end=\"2150\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-section-id=\"hrykuu\" data-start=\"2152\" data-end=\"2164\"\u003eCondition\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"2166\" data-end=\"2296\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"1lis3mv\" data-start=\"2166\" data-end=\"2187\"\u003eOriginal laid paper\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"y1msxd\" data-start=\"2188\" data-end=\"2202\"\u003eSingle folio\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"1pqblpb\" data-start=\"2203\" data-end=\"2222\"\u003eStrong legibility\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"1hqlecj\" data-start=\"2223\" data-end=\"2239\"\u003eOriginal folds\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"mr4zfh\" data-start=\"2240\" data-end=\"2257\"\u003eMinor edge wear\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"2m0vju\" data-start=\"2258\" data-end=\"2274\"\u003eReverse docket\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"1dznt7k\" data-start=\"2275\" data-end=\"2296\"\u003eVery good condition\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"My Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44601157484622,"sku":"EB-52599563616538","price":475.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0768\/8155\/9630\/files\/57_547126f0-055f-4b96-964f-22cc67091d8e.jpg?v=1792409705"},{"product_id":"1784-1787-revolutionary-war-era-merchant-ledger-colonel-clement-biddle","title":"1784–1787 Revolutionary War Era Merchant Ledger – Colonel Clement Biddle –","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col gap-4 grow\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-message-author-role=\"assistant\" data-message-id=\"0e989c05-d405-4ee9-9a2a-96d1ce50d1a4\" data-turn-start-message=\"true\" dir=\"auto\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-5-5\" class=\"min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 text-start break-words whitespace-normal outline-none keyboard-focused:focus-ring [.text-message+\u0026amp;]:mt-1\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown prose dark:prose-invert wrap-break-word w-full light markdown-new-styling\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2944\" data-end=\"3212\" class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\"\u003eAn exceptional original Revolutionary War-era merchant ledger documenting commercial transactions between Philadelphia merchant \u003cstrong data-start=\"3072\" data-end=\"3090\"\u003eJames McLingan\u003c\/strong\u003e and \u003cstrong data-start=\"3095\" data-end=\"3133\"\u003eColonel Clement Biddle [1740–1814]\u003c\/strong\u003e, one of the most significant military and commercial figures of early America.\u003cspan aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchor\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3214\" data-end=\"3633\"\u003eThe account spans \u003cstrong data-start=\"3232\" data-end=\"3253\"\u003e1784 through 1787\u003c\/strong\u003e, recording numerous purchases, credits, commissions, freight charges, imported Madeira wine, flour, chocolate, coffee, cotton, cash advances, and other mercantile transactions during the formative years of the new United States. The ledger offers a remarkable glimpse into post-Revolutionary Philadelphia commerce and the operations of one of America's leading merchant families.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3635\" data-end=\"3694\"\u003eIncluded is the original folded address panel addressed to:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3696\" data-end=\"3785\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"3696\" data-end=\"3785\"\u003e\"Clement C. Biddle Esq., Member of the American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia,\"\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3787\" data-end=\"3918\"\u003ebearing a manuscript postal rate, \u003cstrong data-start=\"3821\" data-end=\"3829\"\u003ePAID\u003c\/strong\u003e handstamp, and original red wax seal. Contemporary docketing identifies the contents as:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3920\" data-end=\"4021\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"3920\" data-end=\"4021\"\u003e\"James McLingan Acct. Curr. with the Agency of Clement Biddle. Letter of March 6, 1787 enclosed.\"\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4023\" data-end=\"4513\"\u003eColonel Clement Biddle served as \u003cstrong data-start=\"4056\" data-end=\"4139\"\u003eCommissary General under General George Washington during the Revolutionary War\u003c\/strong\u003e, helped supply the Continental Army at \u003cstrong data-start=\"4179\" data-end=\"4195\"\u003eValley Forge\u003c\/strong\u003e, later became \u003cstrong data-start=\"4210\" data-end=\"4251\"\u003eQuartermaster General of Pennsylvania\u003c\/strong\u003e, and was appointed the \u003cstrong data-start=\"4275\" data-end=\"4323\"\u003efirst United States Marshal for Pennsylvania\u003c\/strong\u003e by President George Washington in 1789. He was also an influential Philadelphia merchant, broker, and member of the \u003cstrong data-start=\"4440\" data-end=\"4474\"\u003eAmerican Philosophical Society\u003c\/strong\u003e. \u003cspan class=\"\" data-state=\"closed\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4515\" data-end=\"4887\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\"\u003eThis is an outstanding survivor from the earliest years of the American republic, combining Revolutionary War history, early Philadelphia commerce, postal history, and the documentation of one of the nation's most important founding-era merchants. Comparable Biddle business manuscripts are scarce, particularly when preserved with their original docketed address wrapper.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"508\" data-end=\"934\" class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\"\u003eThe ledger records numerous purchases and financial transactions beginning in \u003cstrong data-start=\"586\" data-end=\"604\"\u003eSeptember 1784\u003c\/strong\u003e and continuing through \u003cstrong data-start=\"628\" data-end=\"645\"\u003eFebruary 1787\u003c\/strong\u003e, shortly after the conclusion of the American Revolution. Entries include flour, Madeira wine, chocolate, cotton, coffee, cash advances, freight, commissions, and other imported goods, illustrating the daily operations of Philadelphia's commercial economy during the Confederation period.\u003cspan aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchor\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"936\" data-end=\"1388\"\u003eColonel \u003cstrong data-start=\"944\" data-end=\"974\"\u003eClement Biddle [1740–1814]\u003c\/strong\u003e was one of Philadelphia's foremost merchants, served as \u003cstrong data-start=\"1031\" data-end=\"1093\"\u003eCommissary General under George Washington at Valley Forge\u003c\/strong\u003e, later became \u003cstrong data-start=\"1108\" data-end=\"1149\"\u003eQuartermaster General of Pennsylvania\u003c\/strong\u003e, and in 1789 was appointed the \u003cstrong data-start=\"1181\" data-end=\"1229\"\u003efirst United States Marshal for Pennsylvania\u003c\/strong\u003e. He was also an early member of the \u003cstrong data-start=\"1266\" data-end=\"1300\"\u003eAmerican Philosophical Society\u003c\/strong\u003e, which appears on the accompanying address panel. \u003cspan class=\"\" data-state=\"closed\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1390\" data-end=\"1477\"\u003eIncluded with the ledger is the original free-franked folded address leaf addressed to:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cblockquote data-start=\"1479\" data-end=\"1575\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1481\" data-end=\"1575\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1481\" data-end=\"1507\"\u003eClement C. Biddle Esq.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"1507\" data-end=\"1510\"\u003e\u003cem data-start=\"1512\" data-end=\"1558\"\u003eMember of the American Philosophical Society\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"1558\" data-end=\"1561\"\u003ePhiladelphia\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1577\" data-end=\"1722\"\u003ebearing a \u003cstrong data-start=\"1587\" data-end=\"1597\"\u003e\"PAID\"\u003c\/strong\u003e handstamp, manuscript postal rate, and original \u003cstrong data-start=\"1646\" data-end=\"1662\"\u003ered wax seal\u003c\/strong\u003e remnant. The docket on the reverse identifies the contents:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cblockquote data-start=\"1724\" data-end=\"1823\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1726\" data-end=\"1823\"\u003e\u003cem data-start=\"1726\" data-end=\"1823\"\u003eJames McLingan Acct. Curr. with the Agency of Clement Biddle. Letter of March 6, 1787 enclosed.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1825\" data-end=\"1975\"\u003eThe combination of the accounting ledger and its original docketed wrapper provides excellent provenance and greatly enhances the historical interest.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"1977\" data-end=\"1980\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-section-id=\"hrykuu\" data-start=\"1982\" data-end=\"1994\"\u003eCondition\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"1996\" data-end=\"2293\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"1386n8z\" data-start=\"1996\" data-end=\"2028\"\u003eLarge folio laid paper ledger.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"qae3je\" data-start=\"2029\" data-end=\"2068\"\u003eApproximately three years of entries.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"11a1pto\" data-start=\"2069\" data-end=\"2116\"\u003eOriginal ink remains dark and highly legible.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"13zwg0l\" data-start=\"2117\" data-end=\"2136\"\u003eNormal fold wear.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"yxb6u3\" data-start=\"2137\" data-end=\"2186\"\u003eMinor edge wear and small separations at folds.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"1g3qik0\" data-start=\"2187\" data-end=\"2258\"\u003eOriginal address panel with partial red wax seal and postal markings.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"13r54qe\" data-start=\"2259\" data-end=\"2293\"\u003eVery attractive display quality.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"My Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44601164824654,"sku":"EB-52597999272218","price":995.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0768\/8155\/9630\/files\/57_cdc07970-b075-4060-b5e4-170346c1587a.jpg?v=1792409737"},{"product_id":"1799-original-medical-bill-dr-mason-fitch-cogswell-of-hartford","title":"1799 ORIGINAL MEDICAL BILL — DR. MASON FITCH COGSWELL OF HARTFORD","description":"\u003cp class=\"isSelectedEnd\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003eEarly American Medical Manuscript — Connecticut, 1799\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"isSelectedEnd\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAn original \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e1799 manuscript medical bill\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e documenting professional medical services provided by \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDr. Mason Fitch Cogswell [1761–1830]\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e of Hartford, Connecticut.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"isSelectedEnd\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe account is addressed to \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCaptain Williams of Wethersfield\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e and records a charge of approximately \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e$20.50\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e for medical care. The reverse is contemporaneously docketed \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e“Dr. Cogswell's Bill for Doctoring — 20.50,”\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e preserving the document's original accounting purpose.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"isSelectedEnd\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMason Fitch Cogswell\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e was a prominent Hartford physician who was practicing medicine in the city at the turn of the nineteenth century. The 1799 Hartford directory identifies Cogswell as a physician on Main Street, confirming his professional practice in Hartford at the exact time this account was created.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"isSelectedEnd\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe manuscript provides a fascinating firsthand record of \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003eearly American medical practice and the cost of professional medical care in the Federal period\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e. It is particularly desirable because the physician is identified rather than being an anonymous medical practitioner.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"isSelectedEnd\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDate:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e 1799\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePhysician:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e Dr. Mason Fitch Cogswell [1761–1830]\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003eLocation:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e Hartford, Connecticut\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAccount:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e Captain Williams of Wethersfield\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAmount:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e $20.50\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSubject:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e Medical treatment\/doctoring\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCondition:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e Original manuscript with period folds, toning, light staining and minor edge wear.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAn excellent document for collectors of \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003eearly American medicine, Connecticut history, Hartford history, medical history, and Federal-period manuscripts\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"My Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44601173803086,"sku":"EB-52707634774298","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0768\/8155\/9630\/files\/57_c6d83582-48c6-4c44-99d4-aeae9e0b0b7a.jpg?v=1792409774"},{"product_id":"1793-original-maritime-bill-of-sale-captain-elias-williams-schooner-industry","title":"1793 ORIGINAL MARITIME BILL OF SALE — CAPTAIN ELIAS WILLIAMS — SCHOONER INDUSTRY","description":"\u003cp class=\"isSelectedEnd\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003eExceptional Early American Ship-Ownership Document Signed by Captain Elias Williams of Wethersfield, Connecticut\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"isSelectedEnd\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAn original \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003eNovember 30, 1793 maritime bill of sale\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e transferring a \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003eone-eighth ownership interest in the schooner \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003eIndustry\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cspan\u003e from \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003eElias Williams of Wethersfield, Connecticut\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e, to \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSimeon Williams of Wethersfield\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e, for the consideration of \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e£16 10 shillings\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"isSelectedEnd\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe document specifically conveys \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e“one equal eighth part” of the schooner \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003eIndustry\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e, together with her tackle and associated equipment\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e, documenting the fractional ownership system commonly used to finance and operate American merchant vessels in the early Federal period.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"isSelectedEnd\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe manuscript is signed \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003eElias Williams\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e and is contemporaneously docketed on the reverse \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e“Schooner Industry — Bill of Sale.”\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"isSelectedEnd\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe signer is consistent with \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCaptain Elias Williams [1718–1798] of Wethersfield, Connecticut\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e, a member of the prominent Williams family. Archival records document Captain Elias Williams as a Wethersfield property owner, while a separate 1787 archival record specifically identifies an \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003eoath of Elias Williams of Wethersfield concerning a schooner\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e, providing independent evidence of his involvement in maritime affairs.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"isSelectedEnd\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThis document offers an unusually direct glimpse into the financing and ownership of an American merchant vessel only a few years after the adoption of the U.S. Constitution.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"isSelectedEnd\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDocument:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e Original manuscript bill of sale\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDate:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e November 30, 1793\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSeller:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e Elias Williams, Wethersfield, Connecticut\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBuyer:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e Simeon Williams, Wethersfield, Connecticut\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003eVessel:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e Schooner \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan\u003eIndustry\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003eInterest:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e One-eighth share\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003eConsideration:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e £16 10 shillings\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSubject:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e Vessel, tackle and associated equipment\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCondition:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e Original with folds, toning, minor staining and expected age-related wear; contemporary docketing remains on the reverse.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAn exceptional document for collectors of \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003eEarly American maritime history, Connecticut history, ship ownership, merchant shipping, American commerce, and original eighteenth-century manuscripts\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"My Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44601174523982,"sku":"EB-52707662004506","price":595.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0768\/8155\/9630\/files\/57_4650be84-4fee-43ef-a9d2-7266bbe238d0.jpg?v=1792409777"},{"product_id":"1793-two-early-american-maritime-bills-of-lading-norfolk-to-south-carolina","title":"1793 Two Early American Maritime Bills of Lading – Norfolk to South Carolina,","description":"\u003cp class=\"isSelectedEnd\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAn evocative pair of original 18th-century American bills of lading documenting the movement of merchandise from Norfolk, Virginia, to South Carolina in December 1793—only ten years after the conclusion of the American Revolution.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"isSelectedEnd\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBoth partly printed documents record merchandise shipped by James Cresinger and consigned to Mr. Hugh Swinton, apparently the Charleston merchant of that name. Together, they provide an uncommon surviving record of the coastal commercial network connecting Virginia and South Carolina during the early Federal period.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"isSelectedEnd\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe first bill concerns the ship Peggy, commanded by Gabriel Bryan. It records the shipment of “2 small boxes merchandise” from Norfolk to South Carolina and is signed at the bottom by Bryan.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"isSelectedEnd\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe second concerns the ship Friend, commanded by John Mercer. Its cargo is described as “Two Bales \u0026amp; 1 Box Merchandise,” likewise destined for Mr. Hugh Swinton in South Carolina. It is signed “John Mercer” as master of the vessel.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"isSelectedEnd\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBills of lading were both receipts and legally binding shipping contracts. The ship’s master acknowledged that the listed merchandise had been received in good order and promised its delivery, excepting the traditional “Danger of the Seas.” The documents’ printed declaration—“Shipped by the Grace of God, in good Order and well Condition’d”—reflects the language traditionally used in early maritime commerce.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"isSelectedEnd\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBoth examples are printed on period laid paper and feature a particularly attractive ornamental initial “S” incorporating a sailing vessel. Handwritten cargo descriptions, routing information, freight terms and original signatures complete the forms.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"isSelectedEnd\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe identity of Captain John Mercer has not been connected conclusively with the prominent Mercer political family; he is therefore represented here only as the documented master of the Friend.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"isSelectedEnd\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCondition: The bill for the Friend is substantially complete, with original folds, edge wear, short tears and losses along the right edge. The bill for the Peggy has considerable paper loss through the center and at the right edge, affecting portions of the printed language and date. Nevertheless, the ship’s name, route, cargo, consignee and Gabriel Bryan signature remain visible. Both documents exhibit expected toning and handling wear. Please examine the photographs carefully.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAn appealing matched pair for a collection devoted to early American commerce, Norfolk or Virginia history, South Carolina history, maritime documents or 18th-century printing.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"My Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44601175244878,"sku":"EB-52901214454042","price":475.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0768\/8155\/9630\/files\/57_3fcb81f2-20b8-4d2f-80a0-818dc868bae2.jpg?v=1792409780"},{"product_id":"1793-revolutionary-war-officer-george-ross-orders-wine-from-new-york-merchant","title":"1793 Revolutionary War Officer George Ross Orders Wine from New York Merchant","description":"\u003cp class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eROSS, GEORGE [1740–1794].\u003c\/strong\u003e Autograph letter signed \u003cstrong\u003e“Geo: Ross,”\u003c\/strong\u003e Elizabethtown, New Jersey, February 4, 1793, to prominent New York merchant and financier \u003cstrong\u003eNicholas Low\u003c\/strong\u003e. One manuscript page with integral address leaf.\u003cspan class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchor\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAn engaging early American commercial letter in which Revolutionary War veteran George Ross orders another cask of wine from one of New York’s leading merchants—and disputes the cooper’s measurement of the previous shipment.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRoss writes that Low’s wine “is well approved of here” and asks for another cask of the same quality. To reduce expenses, he sends the previous container back with the bearer. Ross then reports that the cooper who gauged it “did not do you justice,” having marked its capacity as 26 gallons when Ross believed it held no more than 24¼.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHe considers purchasing an entire pipe of wine but hesitates because of the practical difficulty of storing or selling such a large cask through the summer. Ross assures Low of payment every three months and asks that his order be filled before the bearer, Mr. Boardman, returns to Elizabethtown.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGeorge Ross served as an ensign in the First New Jersey Regiment during the Revolutionary War and was stationed at Perth Amboy and Elizabethtown. He should not be confused with the Pennsylvania Declaration signer of the same name, who died in 1779.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe recipient, Nicholas Low, was a major New York merchant whose firm imported wine, West Indian goods, gunpowder, textiles and other commodities. A Federalist legislator and delegate to New York’s convention ratifying the United States Constitution, Low later became a substantial land developer; Lowville, New York, bears his name.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA colorful document illustrating the wine trade, cask measurement, personal delivery and credit arrangements of the early American republic.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOriginal mailing folds, toning, prominent water staining and a tear with small paper loss at the original seal opening. The manuscript and signature remain dark and readily legible.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\"\u003eThe letter is dated \u003cstrong\u003eFebruary 4, 1793\u003c\/strong\u003e, and addressed to \u003cstrong\u003eNicholas Low [1739–1826]\u003c\/strong\u003e, a prominent New York merchant, financier, Federalist politician and land speculator. Ross orders wine from Low and complains that a previous cask was incorrectly gauged.\u003cspan class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchor\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eImportant attribution\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis is \u003cstrong\u003enot\u003c\/strong\u003e George Ross [1730–1779], the Pennsylvania signer of the Declaration of Independence. The signer died fourteen years before this letter was written.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe correct identification is almost certainly the Elizabethtown George Ross who lived from approximately 1740 to February 22, 1794. He served as an ensign in the First New Jersey Regiment and was stationed at Perth Amboy and Elizabethtown during the Revolutionary War. The place, date and handwriting all support this attribution. \u003ca class=\"decorated-link\" rel=\"noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.revolutionarywarnewjersey.com\/new_jersey_revolutionary_war_sites\/towns\/elizabeth_nj_revolutionary_war_sites.htm?utm_source=chatgpt.com\"\u003eGeorge Ross’s recorded New Jersey service\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eRecipient\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNicholas Low\u003c\/strong\u003e was one of New York’s leading post-Revolutionary merchants. He traded in wine, West Indian goods, Irish linens, salt, gunpowder and other commodities. He also:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eserved in the New York State Assembly\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003erepresented New York City at the 1788 convention ratifying the Constitution\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eserved as a director of the Bank of New York\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003esupported the Society for Establishing Useful Manufactures\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003edeveloped extensive landholdings in northern New York\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLowville, New York, was named for him. The Library of Congress holds a major collection of his surviving business and political papers. \u003ca rel=\"noopener\" class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/tile.loc.gov\/storage-services\/service\/gdc\/gdcfindingaidpdfs\/ms012108\/ms012108.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com\"\u003eLibrary of Congress Nicholas Low Papers\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eTranscription\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eElizabeth Town February 4, 1793—\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSir,\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePlease to send me by the bearer another Cask of the same Wine I had of you last as it is well approved of here—if not the same, pray be careful that it be equally good; for which purpose I have sent you the same cask that contained the last in order to save expense—I must observe that the Cooper who gauged the Cask did not do you justice; he has marked 26 Gallons—it will not contain more than 24¼ Gallons.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eI should not hesitate to take at once a pipe of your Wine, but the person of the place would near hear to buy a Cask difficult to pass our Summer—agreeable to our Contract you will certainly get your payment once in every three months.—As I am entirely out of your Wine, I could wish my order complied with before Mr. Boardman who now calls for it returns and you’ll oblige\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSir\u003cbr\u003eYour hum. Servt.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGeo: Ross\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eN. Low Esq.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSome wording in the paragraph concerning the “person of the place” remains uncertain and should be checked directly against the manuscript before publication.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe address panel reads:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNicholas Low Esqr.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMerchant\u003cbr\u003eNew York\u003cbr\u003ewith Mr. Boardman\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/blockquote\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eHistorical interest\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe letter provides an engaging glimpse into the early American wine trade. Ross:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eorders another cask of a wine popular in Elizabethtown\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ereturns the original cask to reduce expenses\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003edisputes the cooper’s measurement\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ecalculates its capacity at only \u003cstrong\u003e24¼ gallons rather than 26\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003econsiders purchasing an entire pipe of wine\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ediscusses quarterly payment terms\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003easks that the order be filled before Mr. Boardman returns to New Jersey\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe content is especially appealing because Nicholas Low was a documented importer of wine and other overseas commodities. It also illustrates the importance of cask measurement, shipping containers, personal carriers and credit arrangements in commerce before railroads and modern packaging.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCondition\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOne-page letter with integral address leaf. Original mailing folds, a sizable irregular water stain running through the central portion, general toning and scattered staining. The address leaf has a tear and small loss at the original seal opening. The writing remains dark and substantially legible, and the \u003cstrong\u003e“Geo: Ross”\u003c\/strong\u003e signature is clear.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"My Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44601184878670,"sku":"EB-52740936237338","price":850.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0768\/8155\/9630\/files\/57_e82f4b57-5b50-4c44-b125-06be3053278b.jpg?v=1792409823"},{"product_id":"1799-amsterdam-to-boston-bill-of-lading-ship-hamilton-seven-pipes-of-geneva","title":"1799 Amsterdam to Boston Bill of Lading – Ship Hamilton – Seven Pipes of Geneva","description":"\u003cp data-start=\"19\" data-end=\"320\" class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"19\" data-end=\"55\"\u003eOriginal Maritime Bill of Lading\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"55\" data-end=\"58\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"58\" data-end=\"67\"\u003eDate:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cstrong data-start=\"68\" data-end=\"84\"\u003e14 July 1799\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"84\" data-end=\"87\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"87\" data-end=\"107\"\u003ePort of Loading:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cstrong data-start=\"108\" data-end=\"134\"\u003eAmsterdam, Netherlands\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"134\" data-end=\"137\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"137\" data-end=\"153\"\u003eDestination:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cstrong data-start=\"154\" data-end=\"179\"\u003eBoston, Massachusetts\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"179\" data-end=\"182\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"182\" data-end=\"191\"\u003eShip:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cem data-start=\"192\" data-end=\"202\"\u003eHamilton\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"202\" data-end=\"205\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"205\" data-end=\"216\"\u003eMaster:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cstrong data-start=\"217\" data-end=\"234\"\u003eThomas Howard\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"234\" data-end=\"237\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"237\" data-end=\"255\"\u003eDocument Type:\u003c\/strong\u003e Printed English-language Bill of Lading completed in manuscript.\u003cspan aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchor\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"322\" data-end=\"723\"\u003eThis is an attractive late eighteenth-century merchant shipping document recording the overseas shipment of goods from Amsterdam to Boston during the closing years of the Early American Republic. Bills of lading served as the legal contract between the shipper, carrier, and consignee and are among the most important surviving records of early Atlantic commerce. \u003cspan class=\"\" data-state=\"closed\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-section-id=\"6wihsu\" data-start=\"725\" data-end=\"734\"\u003eCargo\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"736\" data-end=\"788\"\u003eThe handwritten entries record a shipment including:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"790\" data-end=\"965\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"8bgb4a\" data-start=\"790\" data-end=\"823\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"792\" data-end=\"823\"\u003eSeven pipes of Geneva [gin]\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"1p4k0sg\" data-start=\"824\" data-end=\"847\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"826\" data-end=\"847\"\u003eFive bags of mace\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"6ptm3f\" data-start=\"848\" data-end=\"873\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"850\" data-end=\"873\"\u003eTwo bags of tapioca\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"1kk3vpi\" data-start=\"874\" data-end=\"888\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"876\" data-end=\"888\"\u003eOne bale\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"1jl1hhb\" data-start=\"889\" data-end=\"906\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"891\" data-end=\"906\"\u003eNew netting\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"b7030n\" data-start=\"907\" data-end=\"965\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"909\" data-end=\"965\"\u003eTwo boxes of Madeira staves [or similar merchandise]\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"967\" data-end=\"1065\"\u003e[The exact wording of the final commodity is somewhat difficult to decipher from the photographs.]\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-section-id=\"du6jx6\" data-start=\"1067\" data-end=\"1082\"\u003eDestination\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1084\" data-end=\"1199\"\u003eConsigned for delivery at the port of \u003cstrong data-start=\"1122\" data-end=\"1132\"\u003eBoston\u003c\/strong\u003e, one of the principal commercial ports of the early United States.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-section-id=\"1xwhjnn\" data-start=\"1201\" data-end=\"1225\"\u003eOutstanding Features\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"1227\" data-end=\"1546\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"vme7kh\" data-start=\"1227\" data-end=\"1251\"\u003eDated \u003cstrong data-start=\"1235\" data-end=\"1251\"\u003e14 July 1799\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"bi2rgs\" data-start=\"1252\" data-end=\"1294\"\u003eAttractive engraved bill of lading form.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"dtu05f\" data-start=\"1295\" data-end=\"1366\"\u003eOriginal \u003cstrong data-start=\"1306\" data-end=\"1333\"\u003ered wax merchant's seal\u003c\/strong\u003e with surviving pink silk ribbon.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"1bgookb\" data-start=\"1367\" data-end=\"1416\"\u003eSigned by the ship's master, \u003cstrong data-start=\"1398\" data-end=\"1415\"\u003eThomas Howard\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"1tyj3gc\" data-start=\"1417\" data-end=\"1456\"\u003ePeriod manuscript entries throughout.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"3qvsem\" data-start=\"1457\" data-end=\"1546\"\u003eFine example of Dutch-American maritime commerce shortly after the American Revolution.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"1548\" data-end=\"1551\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-section-id=\"hlyorq\" data-start=\"1553\" data-end=\"1579\"\u003eHistorical Significance\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1581\" data-end=\"2024\"\u003eThis document reflects the vibrant trade between the Dutch Republic and the young United States. Amsterdam remained one of Europe's leading commercial centers, exporting luxury foods, spirits, spices, textiles, and manufactured goods to American ports. Bills of lading like this accompanied cargo across the Atlantic and functioned simultaneously as a receipt, contract of carriage, and document of title. \u003cspan class=\"\" data-state=\"closed\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2026\" data-end=\"2177\"\u003eThe shipment of \u003cstrong data-start=\"2042\" data-end=\"2056\"\u003eGeneva gin\u003c\/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong data-start=\"2058\" data-end=\"2066\"\u003emace\u003c\/strong\u003e, and other imported commodities illustrates the diverse merchandise entering Boston during the Federal period.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"2179\" data-end=\"2182\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-section-id=\"hrykuu\" data-start=\"2184\" data-end=\"2196\"\u003eCondition\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2198\" data-end=\"2208\"\u003eVery Good.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"2210\" data-end=\"2441\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"1fetwmh\" data-start=\"2210\" data-end=\"2232\"\u003eOriginal laid paper.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"1sgpkoq\" data-start=\"2233\" data-end=\"2285\"\u003eRed wax seal intact with original silk attachment.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"f6ayxr\" data-start=\"2286\" data-end=\"2314\"\u003eStrong manuscript entries.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"x2bbc2\" data-start=\"2315\" data-end=\"2338\"\u003eLight overall toning.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"13zwg0l\" data-start=\"2339\" data-end=\"2358\"\u003eNormal fold wear.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"s6zq16\" data-start=\"2359\" data-end=\"2395\"\u003eMinor edge losses and corner wear.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"1om7h4w\" data-start=\"2396\" data-end=\"2441\"\u003eReverse shows expected embossing from seal.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2443\" data-end=\"2526\"\u003eThe survival of both the wax seal and silk tie is a particularly desirable feature.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"My Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44601192579150,"sku":"EB-52597783757082","price":895.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0768\/8155\/9630\/files\/57_ed995c1b-4963-4cdb-9a08-8c874ae829e5.jpg?v=1792409852"},{"product_id":"1800-newburyport-massachusetts-bill-of-lading-ship-columbus-captain-caleb","title":"1800 Newburyport Massachusetts Bill of Lading – Ship Columbus – Captain Caleb","description":"\u003cp data-start=\"19\" data-end=\"330\" class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"19\" data-end=\"64\"\u003eAmerican Bill of Lading – Ship \u003cem data-start=\"52\" data-end=\"62\"\u003eColumbus\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"64\" data-end=\"67\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"67\" data-end=\"76\"\u003eDate:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cstrong data-start=\"77\" data-end=\"94\"\u003eJuly 10, 1800\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"94\" data-end=\"97\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"97\" data-end=\"117\"\u003ePort of Loading:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cstrong data-start=\"118\" data-end=\"148\"\u003eNewburyport, Massachusetts\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"148\" data-end=\"151\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"151\" data-end=\"167\"\u003eDestination:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cstrong data-start=\"168\" data-end=\"187\"\u003eBremen, Germany\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"187\" data-end=\"190\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"190\" data-end=\"201\"\u003eMaster:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cstrong data-start=\"202\" data-end=\"226\"\u003eCaptain Caleb Tappan\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"226\" data-end=\"229\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"229\" data-end=\"243\"\u003eConsignor:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cstrong data-start=\"244\" data-end=\"261\"\u003eWilliam Chase\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"261\" data-end=\"264\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"264\" data-end=\"282\"\u003eDocument Type:\u003c\/strong\u003e Printed Bill of Lading completed in manuscript.\u003cspan aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchor\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"332\" data-end=\"565\"\u003eThis is an attractive and scarce Federal-period American bill of lading documenting a transatlantic shipment from the important New England port of \u003cstrong data-start=\"480\" data-end=\"495\"\u003eNewburyport\u003c\/strong\u003e to \u003cstrong data-start=\"499\" data-end=\"509\"\u003eBremen\u003c\/strong\u003e, one of northern Europe's principal commercial centers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"567\" data-end=\"589\"\u003eThe cargo consists of:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"591\" data-end=\"647\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"16gcplh\" data-start=\"591\" data-end=\"620\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"593\" data-end=\"620\"\u003eFour hogsheads of sugar\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"10h0vwm\" data-start=\"621\" data-end=\"647\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"623\" data-end=\"647\"\u003eTwo barrels of sugar\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"649\" data-end=\"679\"\u003eThe freight rate is stated as:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cblockquote data-start=\"681\" data-end=\"715\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"683\" data-end=\"715\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"683\" data-end=\"715\"\u003eFive Pounds Sterling per Ton\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"717\" data-end=\"739\"\u003eThe document is dated:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cblockquote data-start=\"741\" data-end=\"773\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"743\" data-end=\"773\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"743\" data-end=\"773\"\u003eNewburyport, July 10, 1800\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"775\" data-end=\"850\"\u003eand is signed by \u003cstrong data-start=\"792\" data-end=\"816\"\u003eCaptain Caleb Tappan\u003c\/strong\u003e, master of the ship \u003cstrong data-start=\"837\" data-end=\"849\"\u003eColumbus\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"852\" data-end=\"855\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-section-id=\"7gs9od\" data-start=\"857\" data-end=\"876\"\u003eNotable Features\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"878\" data-end=\"1189\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"5mnors\" data-start=\"878\" data-end=\"915\"\u003eEarly American commercial document.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"1wccbr1\" data-start=\"916\" data-end=\"943\"\u003eNewburyport export trade.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"7a7duc\" data-start=\"944\" data-end=\"975\"\u003eDestination: Bremen, Germany.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"14567q\" data-start=\"976\" data-end=\"1027\"\u003eOriginal embossed \u003cstrong data-start=\"996\" data-end=\"1021\"\u003eMassachusetts Customs\u003c\/strong\u003e seal.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"17qt4lh\" data-start=\"1028\" data-end=\"1064\"\u003eAttractive engraved ship vignette.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"1k6k1m5\" data-start=\"1065\" data-end=\"1115\"\u003eLarge manuscript entries in brown iron-gall ink.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"1fetwmh\" data-start=\"1116\" data-end=\"1138\"\u003eOriginal laid paper.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"1hzr8rl\" data-start=\"1139\" data-end=\"1189\"\u003eReverse shows the embossing of the customs seal.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1191\" data-end=\"1320\"\u003eThe embossed seal reading \u003cstrong data-start=\"1217\" data-end=\"1250\"\u003e\"United States Massachusetts\"\u003c\/strong\u003e is particularly desirable and confirms its official customs function.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"1322\" data-end=\"1325\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-section-id=\"1353kst\" data-start=\"1327\" data-end=\"1351\"\u003eHistorical Importance\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1353\" data-end=\"1703\"\u003eThis bill of lading dates from the height of Newburyport's \"Golden Age\" as one of America's busiest seaports. During the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, Newburyport merchants maintained an active trade with northern Europe, exporting sugar, rum, fish, timber, and other commodities while importing manufactured goods and luxury items.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1705\" data-end=\"1995\"\u003eThe shipment of refined sugar illustrates the triangular Atlantic trade that continued following American independence. Documents naming both the ship and its master are especially desirable because many vessels and captains can be researched through customs records and shipping registers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"1997\" data-end=\"2000\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-section-id=\"hrykuu\" data-start=\"2002\" data-end=\"2014\"\u003eCondition\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2016\" data-end=\"2029\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"2016\" data-end=\"2029\"\u003eVery Good\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"2031\" data-end=\"2233\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"1eyw9nx\" data-start=\"2031\" data-end=\"2051\"\u003eStrong manuscript.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"1148ttv\" data-start=\"2052\" data-end=\"2078\"\u003eCrisp engraved vignette.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"1yf0p7y\" data-start=\"2079\" data-end=\"2117\"\u003eEmbossed customs seal remains sharp.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"1wmwu3x\" data-start=\"2118\" data-end=\"2135\"\u003eOriginal folds.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"14kfxeb\" data-start=\"2136\" data-end=\"2154\"\u003eMinor edge wear.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"387hvr\" data-start=\"2155\" data-end=\"2201\"\u003eSmall edge losses at left and right margins.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"5mm9r1\" data-start=\"2202\" data-end=\"2233\"\u003eOverall excellent eye appeal.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"My Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44601196904526,"sku":"EB-52597796405530","price":795.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0768\/8155\/9630\/files\/57_1d4e9be9-72d8-47bb-9038-6e349982010a.jpg?v=1792409868"},{"product_id":"1815-pennsylvania-land-patent-to-joseph-noegle-upper-paxton-township-dauphin","title":"1815 Pennsylvania Land Patent to Joseph Noegle—Upper Paxton Township, Dauphin","description":"\u003cp class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\"\u003eAn original Commonwealth of Pennsylvania land patent issued to \u003cstrong\u003eJoseph Noegle\u003c\/strong\u003e, also historically spelled Nogle, Noggle, or Naugle, for an 82-acre tract in Upper Paxton Township, Dauphin County.\u003cspan class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchor\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDated May 26, 1815, the patent conveys \u003cstrong\u003e82 acres and 26 perches\u003c\/strong\u003e, with the customary allowance for roads. The tract had been surveyed under a warrant dated November 2, 1812, after Noegle paid $21.53 into the Pennsylvania Treasury. The patent was officially enrolled in Patent Book H, Volume 11, page 339.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe document is signed by \u003cstrong\u003eJohn Cochran\u003c\/strong\u003e, Secretary of the Pennsylvania Land Office, and retains its impressive embossed paper seal displaying the Commonwealth’s ship, plow, wheat sheaves, and motto. A second Land Office signature, apparently that of Richard Crain, appears along the lower margin.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe engraved document features an elaborate calligraphic “Commonwealth of Pennsylvania” heading and an early printed state coat of arms. Its manuscript metes-and-bounds description identifies vacant mountain land and neighboring Upper Paxton properties. A later hand-drawn ownership diagram attached at lower left accompanies the patent as genealogical research material but is not original to its 1815 issuance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe patent has substantial losses, including a large vertical area affecting the state arms and portions of the manuscript, additional edge losses, staining, folds, and extensive old paper-tape repairs on the reverse. Despite these faults, much of the text remains legible, Cochran’s signature is clear, and the large Commonwealth seal is exceptionally well preserved.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAn evocative early record of German-American settlement, Pennsylvania land administration, and the Noegle\/Nogle family in Dauphin County.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"My Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44601201393742,"sku":"EB-52733036429594","price":325.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0768\/8155\/9630\/files\/57_6f16ad6c-2880-49a4-ae1d-8f4c9247bed4.jpg?v=1792409880"},{"product_id":"1847-virginia-land-grant-signed-by-governor-william-extra-billy-smith","title":"1847 Virginia Land Grant Signed by Governor William \"Extra Billy\" Smith –","description":"\u003cp data-start=\"3052\" data-end=\"3424\" class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\"\u003eAn original Commonwealth of Virginia land grant signed by \u003cstrong data-start=\"3110\" data-end=\"3162\"\u003eGovernor William \"Extra Billy\" Smith [1797–1887]\u003c\/strong\u003e, dated \u003cstrong data-start=\"3170\" data-end=\"3187\"\u003eMarch 1, 1847\u003c\/strong\u003e, during his first term as Governor of Virginia. Smith later became one of the oldest Confederate field commanders during the Civil War before returning to serve a second term as Virginia's governor. \u003cspan class=\"\" data-state=\"closed\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchor\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3426\" data-end=\"3741\"\u003eThis official grant conveys \u003cstrong data-start=\"3454\" data-end=\"3477\"\u003e62 acres and 2 rods\u003c\/strong\u003e to \u003cstrong data-start=\"3481\" data-end=\"3499\"\u003eJames A. Brown\u003c\/strong\u003e in \u003cstrong data-start=\"3503\" data-end=\"3531\"\u003eAugusta County, Virginia\u003c\/strong\u003e, located on the \u003cstrong data-start=\"3548\" data-end=\"3575\"\u003eeast side of Back Creek\u003c\/strong\u003e. The property is described by an extensive handwritten metes-and-bounds survey prepared from an August 17, 1846 survey under Land Office Treasury Warrant No. 16,134.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3743\" data-end=\"4071\"\u003eA particularly desirable feature is the \u003cstrong data-start=\"3783\" data-end=\"3847\"\u003eoriginal embossed paper seal of the Commonwealth of Virginia\u003c\/strong\u003e, displaying the iconic image of \u003cstrong data-start=\"3880\" data-end=\"3912\"\u003eVirtus standing over Tyranny\u003c\/strong\u003e with the state motto \u003cstrong data-start=\"3934\" data-end=\"3960\"\u003e\"Sic Semper Tyrannis.\"\u003c\/strong\u003e The seal is exceptionally well preserved and greatly enhances the document's visual appeal and collectability.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4073\" data-end=\"4437\"\u003ePrinted on laid paper with extensive manuscript entries, the grant retains contemporary docketing on the reverse and is boldly signed by Governor William Smith. Documents from Smith's first gubernatorial administration are increasingly sought by collectors of Virginia history, the Mexican-American War era, Civil War figures, and early American legal manuscripts.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"417\" data-end=\"444\" class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"417\" data-end=\"426\"\u003eDate:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cstrong data-start=\"427\" data-end=\"444\"\u003eMarch 1, 1847\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchor\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"446\" data-end=\"473\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"446\" data-end=\"459\"\u003eGovernor:\u003c\/strong\u003e William Smith\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"475\" data-end=\"506\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"475\" data-end=\"487\"\u003eGrantee:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cstrong data-start=\"488\" data-end=\"506\"\u003eJames A. Brown\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"508\" data-end=\"540\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"508\" data-end=\"524\"\u003eSurvey Date:\u003c\/strong\u003e August 17, 1846\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"542\" data-end=\"574\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"542\" data-end=\"563\"\u003eTreasury Warrant:\u003c\/strong\u003e No. 16,134\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"576\" data-end=\"613\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"576\" data-end=\"589\"\u003eProperty:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cstrong data-start=\"590\" data-end=\"613\"\u003e62 acres and 2 rods\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"615\" data-end=\"693\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"615\" data-end=\"628\"\u003eLocation:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cstrong data-start=\"629\" data-end=\"657\"\u003eAugusta County, Virginia\u003c\/strong\u003e, on the \u003cstrong data-start=\"666\" data-end=\"693\"\u003eeast side of Back Creek\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"695\" data-end=\"906\"\u003eThe tract is described by a complete metes-and-bounds survey, referencing neighboring landowners, white oak, pine stumps, chestnut oak, ridges, gullies, and survey lines typical of Shenandoah Valley land grants.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"908\" data-end=\"911\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-section-id=\"lcwffk\" data-start=\"913\" data-end=\"936\"\u003eOutstanding Features\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"938\" data-end=\"1049\"\u003eThis example is considerably more desirable than an average mid-19th century Virginia grant because it retains:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"1051\" data-end=\"1371\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"1y07i3x\" data-start=\"1051\" data-end=\"1099\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1053\" data-end=\"1099\"\u003eWilliam Smith's large manuscript signature\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"1er4btm\" data-start=\"1100\" data-end=\"1159\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1102\" data-end=\"1159\"\u003eOriginal embossed Commonwealth of Virginia paper seal\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"gx8p6z\" data-start=\"1160\" data-end=\"1268\"\u003eThe beautifully preserved \u003cstrong data-start=\"1188\" data-end=\"1213\"\u003e\"Virtus over Tyranny\"\u003c\/strong\u003e design with the state motto \u003cstrong data-start=\"1242\" data-end=\"1268\"\u003e\"Sic Semper Tyrannis.\"\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"1glnfq0\" data-start=\"1269\" data-end=\"1331\"\u003eOriginal docketing and recording endorsements on the reverse\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"scfd8x\" data-start=\"1332\" data-end=\"1371\"\u003eComplete legal description and survey\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1373\" data-end=\"1492\"\u003eCollectors strongly prefer grants retaining their original paper seals, as many have been removed or damaged over time.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"1494\" data-end=\"1497\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-section-id=\"ery58m\" data-start=\"1499\" data-end=\"1520\"\u003eHistorical Context\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1522\" data-end=\"2011\"\u003eGovernor William \"Extra Billy\" Smith issued this grant during his \u003cstrong data-start=\"1588\" data-end=\"1616\"\u003efirst gubernatorial term\u003c\/strong\u003e, only one year after taking office. His administration coincided with the \u003cstrong data-start=\"1691\" data-end=\"1727\"\u003eMexican-American War [1846–1848]\u003c\/strong\u003e, a period of continued westward settlement and land development throughout Virginia. Smith later returned to public prominence as one of the oldest Confederate generals to command troops in the Civil War before serving a second term as governor. \u003cspan class=\"\" data-state=\"closed\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"2013\" data-end=\"2016\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-section-id=\"hrykuu\" data-start=\"2018\" data-end=\"2030\"\u003eCondition\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"2059\" data-end=\"2337\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"13ydfv6\" data-start=\"2059\" data-end=\"2091\"\u003eVery good original laid paper.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"3luqix\" data-start=\"2092\" data-end=\"2122\"\u003eStrong manuscript signature.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"195zmsq\" data-start=\"2123\" data-end=\"2170\"\u003eOriginal embossed Virginia seal fully intact.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"1kst1my\" data-start=\"2171\" data-end=\"2218\"\u003eTypical horizontal and vertical filing folds.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"17705pj\" data-start=\"2219\" data-end=\"2238\"\u003eMinor age toning.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"1r8hpgd\" data-start=\"2239\" data-end=\"2257\"\u003eLight wrinkling.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"melrkn\" data-start=\"2258\" data-end=\"2305\"\u003eReverse docketing and recording endorsements.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"1xtoie5\" data-start=\"2306\" data-end=\"2337\"\u003eExcellent overall eye appeal.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2339\" data-end=\"2373\"\u003eOverall condition: \u003cstrong data-start=\"2358\" data-end=\"2372\"\u003eVery Good+\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"My Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44601205424206,"sku":"EB-52581708955930","price":995.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0768\/8155\/9630\/files\/57_286f6727-162d-4b3b-9857-6d774a5b62f0.jpg?v=1792409900"},{"product_id":"1807-boston-bill-of-exchange-drawn-on-baring-brothers-london-early-u-s","title":"1807 Boston Bill of Exchange Drawn on Baring Brothers, London – Early U.S.","description":"\u003cp data-start=\"2449\" data-end=\"2860\" class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\"\u003eOriginal partly printed \u003cstrong data-start=\"2473\" data-end=\"2493\"\u003eBill of Exchange\u003c\/strong\u003e issued in \u003cstrong data-start=\"2504\" data-end=\"2534\"\u003eBoston on October 13, 1807\u003c\/strong\u003e, directing payment of \u003cstrong data-start=\"2557\" data-end=\"2574\"\u003e£107 Sterling\u003c\/strong\u003e at thirty days sight to \u003cstrong data-start=\"2599\" data-end=\"2617\"\u003eJeremiah Smith\u003c\/strong\u003e. The instrument is drawn on the renowned London merchant banking house \u003cstrong data-start=\"2689\" data-end=\"2714\"\u003eBaring Brothers \u0026amp; Co.\u003c\/strong\u003e, one of the most influential financial institutions of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries and a principal financier of Anglo-American trade.\u003cspan aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchor\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2862\" data-end=\"3371\"\u003eCompleted entirely in period manuscript, the bill is signed by \u003cstrong data-start=\"2925\" data-end=\"2940\"\u003eJoseph Head\u003c\/strong\u003e and \u003cstrong data-start=\"2945\" data-end=\"2959\"\u003eLydia Head\u003c\/strong\u003e and bears its original embossed \u003cstrong data-start=\"2992\" data-end=\"3031\"\u003e25-cent United States revenue stamp\u003c\/strong\u003e, together with period endorsements and banking notations on the reverse documenting its circulation. Issued only weeks before President Thomas Jefferson's Embargo Act transformed American overseas commerce, the document represents the sophisticated financial network that connected merchants in Boston and London during the Early Republic.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3373\" data-end=\"3631\"\u003eAn outstanding original artifact of American banking, international trade, and Federal-period commerce. Ideal for collectors of early U.S. financial history, merchant manuscripts, Boston history, maritime commerce, Anglo-American trade, and banking ephemera.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"325\" data-end=\"379\" class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\"\u003eThe printed form is completed in manuscript and reads:\u003cspan aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchor\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"381\" data-end=\"616\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"ckld7d\" data-start=\"381\" data-end=\"408\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"383\" data-end=\"408\"\u003eBoston, Oct. 13, 1807\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"1blfboy\" data-start=\"409\" data-end=\"440\"\u003eAmount: \u003cstrong data-start=\"419\" data-end=\"440\"\u003e£107.1.4 Sterling\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"oj1fdn\" data-start=\"441\" data-end=\"475\"\u003ePayable \u003cstrong data-start=\"451\" data-end=\"475\"\u003eat thirty days sight\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"1wmaida\" data-start=\"476\" data-end=\"511\"\u003ePayable to \u003cstrong data-start=\"489\" data-end=\"511\"\u003eMr. Jeremiah Smith\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"17jhcye\" data-start=\"512\" data-end=\"564\"\u003eDrawn on \u003cstrong data-start=\"523\" data-end=\"564\"\u003eMessrs. Baring Brothers \u0026amp; Co., London\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"7nr2fd\" data-start=\"565\" data-end=\"616\"\u003eSigned by:\n\u003cul data-start=\"580\" data-end=\"616\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"t744h7\" data-start=\"580\" data-end=\"597\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"582\" data-end=\"597\"\u003eJoseph Head\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"1xffs1l\" data-start=\"600\" data-end=\"616\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"602\" data-end=\"616\"\u003eLydia Head\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"618\" data-end=\"735\"\u003eThe document bears an embossed \u003cstrong data-start=\"649\" data-end=\"679\"\u003e25-cent U.S. revenue stamp\u003c\/strong\u003e, required under the federal stamp duties then in force.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"737\" data-end=\"835\"\u003eThe reverse carries period endorsements and banking notations documenting negotiation of the bill.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"837\" data-end=\"840\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-section-id=\"1353kst\" data-start=\"842\" data-end=\"866\"\u003eHistorical Importance\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"868\" data-end=\"931\"\u003eThis is a fine example of early American international finance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"933\" data-end=\"1119\"\u003eRather than shipping coin across the Atlantic, merchants settled accounts through \u003cstrong data-start=\"1015\" data-end=\"1036\"\u003ebills of exchange\u003c\/strong\u003e, which functioned much like negotiable checks drawn on established banking houses.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1121\" data-end=\"1167\"\u003eSeveral features make this document desirable:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"1169\" data-end=\"1446\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"197e1n7\" data-start=\"1169\" data-end=\"1191\"\u003eEarly Federal period\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"jmh0mo\" data-start=\"1192\" data-end=\"1220\"\u003eBoston commercial document\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"y98aef\" data-start=\"1221\" data-end=\"1307\"\u003eDrawn on \u003cstrong data-start=\"1232\" data-end=\"1257\"\u003eBaring Brothers \u0026amp; Co.\u003c\/strong\u003e, one of the world's most important merchant banks\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"1ji2x\" data-start=\"1308\" data-end=\"1349\"\u003eOriginal embossed federal revenue stamp\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"akijpz\" data-start=\"1350\" data-end=\"1411\"\u003eShortly before Jefferson's \u003cstrong data-start=\"1379\" data-end=\"1411\"\u003eEmbargo Act of December 1807\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"klz5zp\" data-start=\"1412\" data-end=\"1446\"\u003eOriginal endorsements on reverse\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-section-id=\"169ktyo\" data-start=\"1448\" data-end=\"1467\"\u003eBaring Brothers\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1469\" data-end=\"1636\"\u003eBaring Brothers was Britain's leading merchant bank during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries and handled enormous volumes of American trade financing.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1638\" data-end=\"1741\"\u003eBills drawn upon Baring Brothers are collected as important artifacts of early Anglo-American commerce.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"1743\" data-end=\"1746\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-section-id=\"hrykuu\" data-start=\"1748\" data-end=\"1760\"\u003eCondition\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"1762\" data-end=\"1948\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"1fgr7hz\" data-start=\"1762\" data-end=\"1785\"\u003eOriginal printed form\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"gjyvl\" data-start=\"1786\" data-end=\"1813\"\u003eStrong manuscript entries\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"rqgv3o\" data-start=\"1814\" data-end=\"1847\"\u003eOriginal embossed revenue stamp\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"1x7t1fx\" data-start=\"1848\" data-end=\"1870\"\u003eReverse endorsements\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"1c8p1n1\" data-start=\"1871\" data-end=\"1908\"\u003eLight staining from former mounting\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"mr4zfh\" data-start=\"1909\" data-end=\"1926\"\u003eMinor edge wear\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"1dznt7k\" data-start=\"1927\" data-end=\"1948\"\u003eVery good condition\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"My Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44601418285134,"sku":"EB-52599578034458","price":595.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0768\/8155\/9630\/files\/57_ba088536-bcd4-4976-a4b0-bbce733861f3.jpg?v=1792410006"},{"product_id":"1835-bordeaux-brandy-shipment-to-philadelphia-merchant-john-d-laffitte-wax-seal","title":"1835 Bordeaux Brandy Shipment to Philadelphia Merchant John D. Laffitte—Wax Seal","description":"\u003cp class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\"\u003eAn original French commercial invoice documenting a substantial shipment of \u003cstrong\u003eBordeaux eau-de-vie, or brandy, to Philadelphia merchant John D. Laffitte\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003cspan class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchor\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrepared at Bordeaux on March 5, 1835, the invoice covers \u003cstrong\u003e10 half-pipes and 20 quarter-pipes of third-proof eau-de-vie\u003c\/strong\u003e—30 commercial casks equivalent to approximately ten full Bordeaux pipes. Its ruled cargo table records shipping marks, cask sizes, gross and net weights, leakage allowances, charges and commissions, with a total value of approximately \u003cstrong\u003e4,423 francs\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe document was folded to serve as its own transatlantic mailing cover and addressed:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cblockquote\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMonsieur John D. Laffitte\u003cbr\u003enégociant\u003cbr\u003eà Philadelphie\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe exterior directs it by the ship \u003cem\u003eConcorde\u003c\/em\u003e, Captain Mason. A substantial original red wax seal remains attached. The manuscript also carries a French fiscal notation indicating payment of the applicable stamp duty.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe recipient, \u003cstrong\u003eJohn D. Laffitte\u003c\/strong\u003e, was evidently engaged in the nineteenth-century Bordeaux–American wine and spirits trade. His surname resembles that associated with \u003cstrong\u003eChâteau Lafitte\u003c\/strong\u003e, the Camblanes-et-Meynac estate named for Bordeaux wine merchant Raymond Lafitte, and with \u003cstrong\u003eChâteau Lafite\u003c\/strong\u003e, later Château Lafite Rothschild. However, no direct family, ownership or commercial connection between John D. Laffitte and either wine estate has presently been established. The shipment described here consists of Bordeaux brandy and does not identify a particular château or vineyard.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAn evocative survivor of the thriving nineteenth-century commerce that carried Bordeaux wines and spirits across the Atlantic to American merchants. Its detailed cargo accounting, Philadelphia destination, maritime address panel and surviving wax seal provide considerable historical and visual interest.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDate:\u003c\/strong\u003e March 5, 1835\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOrigin:\u003c\/strong\u003e Bordeaux, France\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDestination:\u003c\/strong\u003e Philadelphia, Pennsylvania\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRecipient:\u003c\/strong\u003e John D. Laffitte, merchant\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCargo:\u003c\/strong\u003e Thirty casks of third-proof Bordeaux eau-de-vie\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eShip:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cem\u003eConcorde\u003c\/em\u003e, Captain Mason\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLanguage:\u003c\/strong\u003e French\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFeatures:\u003c\/strong\u003e Detailed cargo table, merchant signatures, fiscal notation and original red wax seal\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e Considerable edge losses and tears, original mailing folds, creasing and toning. Portions of the writing and cargo table are affected, but the principal content, address panel and wax seal survive. Please examine the photographs carefully.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"My Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44601707724878,"sku":"EB-52734419501338","price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0768\/8155\/9630\/files\/57_167bea3a-9fdb-4587-b18e-49925070c94a.jpg?v=1792410050"},{"product_id":"1843-essex-county-new-jersey-guardianship-document-oliver-s-halsted-seal","title":"1843 Essex County New Jersey Guardianship Document – Oliver S. Halsted – Seal","description":"\u003cp class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\"\u003eOriginal \u003cstrong\u003e1843 Essex County, New Jersey, Orphans’ Court guardianship certificate\u003c\/strong\u003e, signed by prominent Newark attorney and public official \u003cstrong\u003eOliver S. Halsted\u003c\/strong\u003e in his capacity as Surrogate of Essex County.\u003cspan class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchor\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDated \u003cstrong\u003eJuly 2, 1843\u003c\/strong\u003e, the document records the court’s appointment of \u003cstrong\u003ePeter Fern [possibly Fenn]\u003c\/strong\u003e as guardian of the persons and real and personal property of \u003cstrong\u003eFrederick and Mariam Beecroft\u003c\/strong\u003e, both minors under fourteen years of age.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe certificate retains its original applied, embossed official seal, displaying an American eagle surrounded by the inscription \u003cstrong\u003e“Surrogate Seal of Essex County, N.J.”\u003c\/strong\u003e Traces of red coloring remain within the lettering and design. The unusually large seal gives the document considerable visual and historical appeal.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOliver Spencer Halsted [1792–1877] was a respected Newark lawyer and public official who served in the New Jersey Assembly, the State Council, and as Surrogate of Essex County.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCondition:\u003c\/strong\u003e Considerable age toning, foxing, soiling and edge wear. The document has separated substantially along its original horizontal and vertical folds, with small losses where the folds intersect. The principal text, Halsted’s signature, and the official seal remain present and legible. Please examine the photographs carefully.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAn appealing piece of early New Jersey legal and genealogical history with a particularly attractive surviving county seal.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"My Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44601731612750,"sku":"EB-52795753988378","price":250.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0768\/8155\/9630\/files\/57_7da1c0c1-2ee9-40c6-ab6b-0a39771945e2.jpg?v=1792410056"},{"product_id":"1791-new-london-connecticut-merchant-expense-account-early-american-shipping","title":"1791 New London, Connecticut Merchant Expense Account – Early American Shipping","description":"\u003cp data-start=\"2954\" data-end=\"3166\" class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\"\u003eOriginal Federal-period merchant expense account documenting commercial expenditures incurred by \u003cstrong data-start=\"3051\" data-end=\"3069\"\u003eSimon Williams\u003c\/strong\u003e at \u003cstrong data-start=\"3073\" data-end=\"3100\"\u003eNew London, Connecticut\u003c\/strong\u003e, beginning \u003cstrong data-start=\"3112\" data-end=\"3130\"\u003e20 August 1791\u003c\/strong\u003e and settled on \u003cstrong data-start=\"3146\" data-end=\"3165\"\u003e6 December 1791\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003cspan aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchor\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3168\" data-end=\"3582\"\u003eThe manuscript records an extensive series of expenses associated with the handling and transportation of commercial cargo through one of New England's busiest seaports. Entries include customs and registration fees, duties, cartage, wharfage, porterage, duck canvas, water hogsheads, salt, boards, nails, fresh provisions, labor charges, wagon hire, and the movement of approximately \u003cstrong data-start=\"3553\" data-end=\"3581\"\u003e3,050 pounds of old iron\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3584\" data-end=\"3850\"\u003eThe account also records wages paid to several workmen—including \u003cstrong data-start=\"3649\" data-end=\"3697\"\u003eJohn Mark, Simon Deming, and Richard Redding\u003c\/strong\u003e—together with the merchant's own wages, providing an unusually detailed picture of the labor and costs involved in post-Revolutionary American commerce.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"3852\" data-end=\"4042\"\u003eThe reverse bears a contemporary docket identifying the document as a \u003cstrong data-start=\"3922\" data-end=\"3969\"\u003e\"Bill of Expense on the Iron paid in 1791,\"\u003c\/strong\u003e confirming its connection to an iron shipment or commercial transaction.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"4044\" data-end=\"4421\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\"\u003eWritten on laid paper in clear period script, this manuscript is a fine surviving example of early American mercantile bookkeeping and maritime commerce during the first decade of the United States. It will appeal to collectors of colonial and Federal-era Americana, maritime history, merchant records, Connecticut history, and original eighteenth-century business manuscripts.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"346\" data-end=\"368\" class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\"\u003eThe account is headed:\u003cspan aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchor\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cblockquote data-start=\"370\" data-end=\"451\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"372\" data-end=\"451\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"372\" data-end=\"451\"\u003e\"Acct. of Simon Williams for Expenses Paid at New London, Augt. 20th 1791.\"\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"453\" data-end=\"689\"\u003eThe manuscript itemizes a wide variety of commercial expenses associated with shipping, cargo handling, customs, labor, and travel. It appears to document the costs of receiving or unloading a cargo vessel and transporting goods inland.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"691\" data-end=\"694\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-section-id=\"1c7c49r\" data-start=\"696\" data-end=\"707\"\u003eContents\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"709\" data-end=\"754\"\u003eAmong the recorded expenses are payments for:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"756\" data-end=\"1084\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"j3vxvj\" data-start=\"756\" data-end=\"783\"\u003eRegister and customs fees\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"lbjakx\" data-start=\"784\" data-end=\"814\"\u003eEntering goods at New London\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"1uoerjm\" data-start=\"815\" data-end=\"823\"\u003eDuties\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"7j1jnw\" data-start=\"824\" data-end=\"833\"\u003eCarting\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"vkxvq9\" data-start=\"834\" data-end=\"844\"\u003eWharfage\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"l2yyat\" data-start=\"845\" data-end=\"856\"\u003ePorterage\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"gp6xdk\" data-start=\"857\" data-end=\"872\"\u003eDuck [canvas]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"1xzrb2t\" data-start=\"873\" data-end=\"890\"\u003eWater hogsheads\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"1j4djmq\" data-start=\"891\" data-end=\"897\"\u003eSalt\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"rub4ej\" data-start=\"898\" data-end=\"917\"\u003eBoards and lumber\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"16va0k1\" data-start=\"918\" data-end=\"925\"\u003eNails\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"odz3i\" data-start=\"926\" data-end=\"947\"\u003eFresh beef and milk\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"s0f8rf\" data-start=\"948\" data-end=\"999\"\u003eIron [approximately \u003cstrong data-start=\"970\" data-end=\"998\"\u003e3,050 pounds of old iron\u003c\/strong\u003e]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"16r4fju\" data-start=\"1000\" data-end=\"1007\"\u003eLabor\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"bl58c6\" data-start=\"1008\" data-end=\"1019\"\u003eTeamsters\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"frpeku\" data-start=\"1020\" data-end=\"1032\"\u003eWagon hire\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"13pgga7\" data-start=\"1033\" data-end=\"1056\"\u003eWages paid to workmen\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"m3x58k\" data-start=\"1057\" data-end=\"1084\"\u003eMiscellaneous commissions\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1086\" data-end=\"1159\"\u003eNear the conclusion are wage calculations for several workers, including:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"1161\" data-end=\"1232\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"wh65we\" data-start=\"1161\" data-end=\"1172\"\u003eJohn Mark\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"fmpevm\" data-start=\"1173\" data-end=\"1187\"\u003eSimon Deming\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"bn3x7c\" data-start=\"1188\" data-end=\"1205\"\u003eRichard Redding\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"tskbi\" data-start=\"1206\" data-end=\"1232\"\u003eThe merchant's own wages\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1234\" data-end=\"1274\"\u003eThe account closes with a certification:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cblockquote data-start=\"1276\" data-end=\"1326\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1278\" data-end=\"1326\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1278\" data-end=\"1326\"\u003e\"December 6, 1791 — Settled the above bill.\"\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/blockquote\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1328\" data-end=\"1352\"\u003eThe reverse is docketed:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cblockquote data-start=\"1354\" data-end=\"1403\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1356\" data-end=\"1403\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1356\" data-end=\"1403\"\u003e\"Bill of Expense on the Iron paid in 1791.\"\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/blockquote\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"1405\" data-end=\"1408\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-section-id=\"1353kst\" data-start=\"1410\" data-end=\"1434\"\u003eHistorical Importance\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1436\" data-end=\"1861\"\u003eThis manuscript is an excellent example of an early American commercial accounting document created only eight years after the end of the Revolutionary War. Rather than recording ordinary household purchases, it documents the actual expenses of moving heavy commercial cargo through the important port of \u003cstrong data-start=\"1741\" data-end=\"1768\"\u003eNew London, Connecticut\u003c\/strong\u003e, one of New England's principal maritime trading centers during the late eighteenth century.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1863\" data-end=\"2246\"\u003eThe reference to over \u003cstrong data-start=\"1885\" data-end=\"1913\"\u003e3,000 pounds of old iron\u003c\/strong\u003e, customs charges, wharfage, labor, wagoning, and workers' wages provides a rare glimpse into the logistics and costs of American coastal commerce during the Federal period. Similar merchant account papers are preserved in institutional collections documenting early American shipping and trade. \u003cspan class=\"\" data-state=\"closed\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr data-start=\"2248\" data-end=\"2251\"\u003e\n\u003ch2 data-section-id=\"hrykuu\" data-start=\"2253\" data-end=\"2265\"\u003eCondition\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"2267\" data-end=\"2456\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"1hq4249\" data-start=\"2267\" data-end=\"2299\"\u003eSingle large laid-paper folio.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"oks97s\" data-start=\"2300\" data-end=\"2323\"\u003eStrong iron-gall ink.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"fabqtr\" data-start=\"2324\" data-end=\"2335\"\u003eComplete.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"151iybt\" data-start=\"2336\" data-end=\"2368\"\u003eTypical fold wear from filing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"3l9hv\" data-start=\"2369\" data-end=\"2404\"\u003eMinor edge wear and light toning.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"19v78uh\" data-start=\"2405\" data-end=\"2425\"\u003eDocketed on verso.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-section-id=\"5uh0ip\" data-start=\"2426\" data-end=\"2456\"\u003eVery good overall condition.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"My Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44601742491726,"sku":"EB-52599557652762","price":595.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0768\/8155\/9630\/files\/57_1f380e2a-5f59-434a-884d-4a7b1550bdbf.jpg?v=1792410060"},{"product_id":"1871-philadelphia-ship-s-bill-of-sale-three-masted-bark-daisy-nova-scotia","title":"1871 PHILADELPHIA SHIP’S BILL OF SALE—THREE-MASTED BARK “DAISY”—NOVA SCOTIA","description":"\u003cp class=\"isSelectedEnd\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eOriginal American maritime bill of sale transferring an ownership interest in the three-masted bark \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDaisy\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e from Philadelphia merchants \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSamuel S. Scattergood and Charles H. Stackhouse\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e to \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCaptain John Linden of Baltimore, Maryland\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e. Philadelphia, November 16, 1871. Large partly printed and manuscript document with engraved sailing-ship vignette, vessel-registration transcript, owners’ signatures, two red seals, embossed Treasury and Custom House seals, and official recording endorsements.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"isSelectedEnd\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eFor the stated consideration of \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003eone thousand dollars\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e, Samuel S. Scattergood transferred to John Linden an additional one-eighth interest in the \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDaisy\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cspan\u003e, together with the same proportion of her:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"isSelectedEnd\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e“Masts, Yards, Sails, Rigging, Anchors, Cables, Boats, Tackle, Apparel and Appurtenances.”\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"isSelectedEnd\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCharles H. Stackhouse joins Scattergood in executing the instrument. Both men have signed beside individual red serrated seals.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"isSelectedEnd\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe document incorporates an extensive transcript of the \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDaisy’s\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cspan\u003e federal registration, identified as \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePermanent Register No. 113\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e. The vessel was a wooden, square-sterned bark constructed at \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003eTusket, Nova Scotia\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e, in 1869. She was temporarily registered at Norfolk, Virginia, on September 25, 1869, before receiving permanent registration at Philadelphia on March 29, 1870.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"isSelectedEnd\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDaisy\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cspan\u003e was a substantial three-masted ocean-going merchant vessel of approximately \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e383 registered tons\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e, measuring about \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e138 feet in length\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e and \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e28 feet in breadth\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e. Her official description records one deck, three masts, a billet head, and no galleries. John Linden, the Baltimore purchaser named in this bill of sale, is also identified as the vessel’s master.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"isSelectedEnd\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe form was printed by \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003eJohn C. Clark \u0026amp; Son, 230 Dock Street, Philadelphia\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e, and is ornamented with a finely engraved image of a fully rigged sailing ship. The document retains its embossed Treasury and Philadelphia Custom House seals, official recording panel, manuscript ownership history, and contemporary docketing:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"isSelectedEnd\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e“Bill of Sale\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSamuel S. Scattergood\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan\u003eChas. H. Stackhouse\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan\u003eto\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan\u003eJohn Linden\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan\u003e⅛ of Bark ‘Daisy’\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan\u003e1871.”\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"isSelectedEnd\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSamuel S. Scattergood was a prominent Philadelphia commission merchant and importer associated particularly with the Mediterranean fruit trade. His ownership of the \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDaisy\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cspan\u003e illustrates the 19th-century practice by which merchants divided commercial sailing vessels into fractional shares, distributing both the investment and the considerable risks of transatlantic commerce among several owners.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"isSelectedEnd\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCondition:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e Original filing folds with light toning, scattered staining, ink show-through, minor edge wear, and several small areas of weakness or separation at fold intersections. The manuscript registration is closely written and occasionally faint but remains substantially legible. Both red applied seals are present, the embossed government seals remain visible, and the engraved ship vignette displays attractively. No major textual loss observed.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAn unusually complete and visually appealing Reconstruction-era maritime document recording the ownership, construction, dimensions, registration, and sale of a Nova Scotia-built American merchant bark operating through Philadelphia, Norfolk, and Baltimore.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"My Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44601770934350,"sku":"EB-52766027022618","price":495.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0768\/8155\/9630\/files\/57_cfc04279-8107-4d52-9ce4-e5b981f0f3d1.jpg?v=1792410128"},{"product_id":"1739-colonial-philadelphia-merchant-s-correspondence-fur-trade-shipping-a","title":"1739 Colonial Philadelphia Merchant’s Correspondence — Fur Trade, Shipping \u0026 a","description":"\u003cp data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAn extensive colonial mercantile manuscript containing draft correspondence concerning Philadelphia’s trade with Britain, overseas shipments, merchandise purchases, and difficulties surrounding a legal release.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe longer letter discusses a release placed in the hands of attorney Peter Evans, the need for witnesses and examination, and the expense and frustration of resolving the matter. The writer pointedly remarks that “Lawyers are not always the most Exact in Doing of Business.”\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCommercial passages record detailed orders for men’s and boys’ hats, acknowledge goods arriving aboard the \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan\u003eConstantine\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cspan\u003e under Edward Wright, and discuss shipments aboard the \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSalley\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cspan\u003e. The writer reports anticipated losses on animal skins damaged by worms and poor preparation, while describing plans for further exports of furs and wax. Tobacco and bills of exchange also appear in the correspondence.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe photographs show three written pages, including a shorter draft headed “To L W.” Contemporary cancellations, interlineations, and revisions preserve the writer’s composition process and suggest working drafts or retained correspondence. The longer letter concludes with flourished initials; the writer’s identity has not been established.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eA richly detailed record of colonial Philadelphia commerce, appealing to collectors of early Pennsylvania manuscripts, maritime trade, the fur trade, and legal history.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCondition:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e Period folds, age toning, scattered spotting, small holes and splits at folds, and minor edge wear. Some writing is faint, but much of the text remains legible. Dimensions not supplied.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"My Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44601786662990,"sku":"EB-53017561825562","price":900.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0768\/8155\/9630\/files\/57_819b9756-6b96-413b-9660-feb41bb0d27c.jpg?v=1792410192"},{"product_id":"1739-40-philadelphia-newport-merchant-s-letter-salt-molasses-flour-indigo","title":"1739\/40 Philadelphia–Newport Merchant’s Letter — Salt, Molasses, Flour \u0026 Indigo","description":"\u003cp data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAn informative colonial manuscript documenting commercial dealings between Philadelphia and Newport, Rhode Island, more than thirty-five years before American independence.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAddressed to Hazard \u0026amp; Easton and other named correspondents, the letter discusses salt shipped aboard the sloop \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHummingbird\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cspan\u003e, apparently commanded by John Painter, its sale on consignment, and molasses received in return. The writer reviews the resulting account balance and requests information about eighteen barrels of flour previously shipped. He asks that the accounts be settled and the remaining balance remitted in merchandise, including “Right Good Indigo.”\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eA contemporary notation identifies the document as “A Coppy of a Letter Sent to Newport in Rhode Island,” establishing it as a retained merchant’s copy. The closing bears initials appearing to read “J.P.”; the writer’s identity remains unconfirmed.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAn appealing record of early coastal commerce, illustrating the shipment, sale, and exchange of staple commodities among colonial ports.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCondition:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e Age toning, intersecting folds, scattered spotting, small holes and splits at folds, and minor edge wear and losses. Most writing remains legible.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"My Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44601787351118,"sku":"EB-53017604096282","price":650.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0768\/8155\/9630\/files\/57_6308bd59-090a-40ff-89d9-6a3174921ff2.jpg?v=1792410195"},{"product_id":"1741-philadelphia-merchant-s-manuscript-deadly-epidemic-atlantic-trade","title":"1741 Philadelphia Merchant’s Manuscript — Deadly Epidemic, Atlantic Trade,","description":"\u003cp data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eOriginal manuscript merchant’s letter draft, Philadelphia, dated “11 of 9th mo 1741” [November 11, 1741, Old Style], addressed to Lawrence Williams and initialed apparently “JP.”\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eA detailed colonial American commercial manuscript combining transatlantic trade with a vivid contemporary account of a deadly Philadelphia epidemic. The writer describes “such a Sickly time here the Like not known this Thirty years,” reports numerous deaths, and explains that people became afraid to visit one another. He records the contemporary belief that the disease had arrived aboard vessels from Ireland and notes its disruption of shipping.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBusiness matters include a £125 sterling bill of exchange, calfskins shipped aboard the Constantine, complaints concerning damaged merchandise, and orders for two silver watches and schoolbooks for the writer’s nephews. The closing also mentions herrings received too spoiled to eat.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eTwo written pages are shown, with numerous revisions and an alternative opening characteristic of a retained draft. An additional photographed page bears calligraphic writing, arithmetic, and a small drawing resembling a folding knife.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCondition: Fold creases, scattered spotting and discoloration, small edge tears, and marginal losses visible in the photographs. The principal text remains substantially legible. Dimensions not supplied.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAn engaging early Philadelphia manuscript with particular appeal for collectors of colonial commerce, epidemic history, education, and everyday life.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"My Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44601788039246,"sku":"EB-53017694011674","price":1295.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0768\/8155\/9630\/files\/57_59b2b665-2a16-4706-9f31-241191a70578.jpg?v=1792410198"},{"product_id":"original-1804-1805-early-american-merchant-s-account-joshua-riley","title":"ORIGINAL 1804–1805 EARLY AMERICAN MERCHANT’S ACCOUNT — JOSHUA RILEY \u0026","description":"\u003cp class=\"isSelectedEnd\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAn original early American manuscript merchant’s account dating from \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003eNovember 1804 through December 1805\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e, headed to \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMajor Williams\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e and recording transactions with \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003eJ. Riley \u0026amp; A. Wright\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"isSelectedEnd\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe account contains a fascinating series of contemporary commercial entries, including payments for labor and services, an entry relating to the \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003eship \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePhoenix\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cspan\u003e, and the purchase or accounting of approximately \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e118 gallons of rum\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e. The rum is carefully calculated at approximately \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e94 cents per gallon\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e, providing an unusually tangible glimpse into early American maritime commerce and commodity pricing.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"isSelectedEnd\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe account concludes with a settlement notation dated \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDecember 25, 1805\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e, and bears the signatures of the parties, including what appears to be \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003eJoshua Riley\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e and \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWilliam Wright\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"isSelectedEnd\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe manuscript is particularly attractive to collectors of \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003eearly American commerce, maritime history, merchant records, shipping, rum trade, and original handwritten documents of the Federal period\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e. The surviving folds, period ink, calculations, corrections, and signatures preserve the appearance of an authentic working merchant’s ledger\/account from the first decade of the United States.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"isSelectedEnd\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe document measures approximately \u003cspan class=\"text-token-text-primary cursor-text rounded-sm\"\u003e[MEASUREMENTS]\u003c\/span\u003e and is in good original condition for an early nineteenth-century working commercial manuscript, with expected folds, toning, light staining, and handling wear.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003eA fascinating original record of American commercial life only 28 years after the Constitution and during the formative years of the early Republic.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"My Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44601796689998,"sku":"EB-52707572908314","price":595.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0768\/8155\/9630\/files\/57_0d0e80de-5b7d-4fbc-8443-ae1a59977e7f.jpg?v=1792410234"},{"product_id":"colonial-philadelphia-merchant-s-letter-circa-1740-severe-winter","title":"Colonial Philadelphia Merchant’s Letter, circa 1740 — Severe Winter,","description":"\u003cp data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAn evocative colonial manuscript addressed to Lawrence Williams, combining the practical business of maritime insurance with a striking account of severe winter conditions disrupting Philadelphia’s commerce.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe writer describes his quarter ownership of the brigantine \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan\u003eVernon\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cspan\u003e, commanded by Arthur Burrows, and requests £160 sterling insurance for its voyage to Barbados and return. He discusses bills of exchange and expresses hope that insurance premiums will remain reasonable, noting the absence of reported privateers near the local coast or Barbados.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe concluding passage provides an unusually vivid weather report. The writer describes a “very hard winter,” a river frozen from approximately December 20 or 22, navigation obstructed until the 13th of the current month, and snow covering level ground “a yard Deep for a Considerable time.”\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe reference to navigation resuming on the 13th is consistent with the documented reopening of the Delaware on March 13, 1740, suggesting a possible connection with the severe winter of 1739–40. No dateline is visible, and this dating remains provisional.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eA compelling manuscript for collectors of colonial commerce, maritime insurance, Philadelphia history, and early American weather observations. Writer unidentified; no full signature visible.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCondition:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e Age toning, intersecting folds, scattered stains and spotting, edge wear, and splits along portions of the folds. Most text remains readable. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"My Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44601813762126,"sku":"EB-53017636667674","price":650.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0768\/8155\/9630\/files\/57_e15a95ea-86d1-4127-9cad-ccb1d97e1cff.jpg?v=1792410296"},{"product_id":"princeton-audubon-black-billed-cuckoo","title":"Black-billed Cuckoo","description":"\u003ch3\u003eThe Black-billed Cuckoo\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e Princeton Audubon Double Elephant Edition •Double elephant (life size - 26 1\/4 x 39 1\/4) •Limited edition of 1500. •Pencil-numbered and embossed with the Princeton Audubon Limited seal. •Up to 11 color plates used. •Specially developed fade-proof inks. Absolute color fidelity to the actual original. •Printed on a 300 line. •Very heavy archival paper which is recommended by the Library of Congress for archives and is specially toned to match the actual color of the antique originals. •Registered to purchaser. •As permanently displayed at The Royal Society of London, to which Audubon belonged as a Fellow.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Princeton Audubon Edition","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44605011820622,"sku":null,"price":400.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0768\/8155\/9630\/files\/AudubonprintBlack-billedCuckoo.jpg?v=1792454036"},{"product_id":"princeton-audubon-yellow-billed-cuckoo","title":"Yellow-billed Cuckoo","description":"\u003ch3\u003eThe Yellow-billed Cuckoo\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrinceton Audubon Double Elephant Edition •Double elephant (life size - 26 1\/4 x 39 1\/4) •Limited edition of 1500. •Pencil-numbered and embossed with the Princeton Audubon Limited seal. •Up to 11 color plates used. •Specially developed fade-proof inks. Absolute color fidelity to the actual original. •Printed on a 300 line. •Very heavy archival paper which is recommended by the Library of Congress for archives and is specially toned to match the actual color of the antique originals. •Registered to purchaser. •As permanently displayed at The Royal Society of London, to which Audubon belonged as a Fellow.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAbout the image itself ...\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis print is based on a painting done in Louisiana in 1821 or 1822.  Although cuckoos live almost entirely on caterpillars and seldom, if ever, eat butterflies, Audubon portrayed one of the birds seizing a tiger swallowtail.  Joseph Mason probably painted the leaves and fruit of the pawpaw tree.\u003cbr\u003eOn December 10, 1826, Audubon wrote in his journal about the progress of the first proof impressions for Birds of America.  \"It is now a month since my work was begun...; the paper is of unusual size, called 'double elephant' and the plates are to be finished in such superb style as to eclipse all of the same kind in existence.  The two plates now finished are truly beautiful.  This number consists of the Turkey-cock [this painting has been chosen to prove the necessity of the size of the work], the Cuckoos on the pawpaws,...\"\u003cbr\u003eIn seasons when caterpillars are abundant, cuckoos usually become common in the infested localities.  They are especially fond of tent caterpillars and gypsy moth larvae, and with such plentiful food, the size of their broods seems to increase.   Unlike the European cuckoo, American cuckoos only occasionally lay their eggs in the nests of other birds.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Princeton Audubon","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44605012344910,"sku":null,"price":400.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0768\/8155\/9630\/files\/AudubonprintYellow-billedCuckoo.jpg?v=1792454058"},{"product_id":"roseate-spoonbill","title":"Roseate Spoonbill","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eRare Prints edition of 500, plate 321, 28 x 39 inches\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePrinceton Audubon is pleased to offer the Rare Print Edition archival pigment prints, commonly known as giclee prints.  These are exact facsimiles of Audubon's original hand colored engravings.  Using ultra high resolution images from top of the line digital cameras the Giclee' printer sprays ink on watercolor paper at up to 4,000 dpi. The result is a reproduction that has the color, detail and texture quality of the original. Each image is printed with archival ink on 330 gram Somerset Velvet Enhanced paper and some with beautiful deckled edges and are full-size facsimiles of an actual original.  IDENTIFICATION: Each print is embossed and numbered at the top left corner RARE PRINTS EDITION.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Rare Prints Edition","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44605013491790,"sku":null,"price":1900.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0768\/8155\/9630\/files\/Audubonprint_RoseateSpoonbill_Audubon_sBirdsofAmerica.jpg?v=1792454103"},{"product_id":"1774-colonial-new-york-sword-purchase-thomas-hazard-ironmongery-cutlery-merchant","title":"1774 Colonial New York Sword Purchase — Thomas Hazard, Ironmongery \u0026 Cutlery Merchant","description":"\u003cp data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eOriginal manuscript merchant’s bill dated New York, October 21, 1774, recording purchases from Thomas Hazard, a dealer in ironmongery and cutlery.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe account includes a sword priced at £1, 2 shillings, followed by a half-dozen quantity of another item, bringing the principal bill to £2, 19 shillings, and 6 pence. A separate notation below appears to record a vice purchased on April 15. Contemporary identifying docketing appears on the reverse.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThomas Hazard advertised hardware, tools, cutlery, and sword blades in colonial New York newspapers. This bill offers an appealing record of the trade in edged weapons and hardware on the eve of the American Revolution.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eOne sheet, manuscript in brown ink, with contemporary docketing on the reverse. Historical folds, light age toning, scattered minor spotting, and a short marginal fold separation. No military purchaser or military use has been established.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAn interesting addition to a collection of colonial commerce, early New York history, or antique arms documentation.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"The Archive Authority","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44721412374606,"sku":null,"price":275.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0768\/8155\/9630\/files\/IMG_3886.jpg?v=1793238533"},{"product_id":"1765-colonial-new-york-military-bill-of-exchange-captain-john-ormsby-35th-regiment-of-foot","title":"1765 Colonial New York Military Bill of Exchange — Captain John Ormsby, 35th Regiment of Foot","description":"\u003cp data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAn appealing manuscript record of British military finance in colonial America, dated New York, March 2, 1765, and signed “John Ormsby,” captain in the 35th Regiment of Foot.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAddressed to army agent John Calcraft at Channel Row, Westminster, the document orders payment of twenty-two pounds, two shillings and sixpence sterling, thirty days after presentation. The payment is to be charged against Ormsby’s subsistence allowance as a captain in the regiment. The merchant named as payee appears to be Richard Curson.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eOrmsby is documented among the regiment’s captains at Quebec in 1760 and in correspondence from Ticonderoga in 1764. Written shortly after the French and Indian War, this bill illustrates the financial connections linking British officers serving in North America with military agents in London.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe manuscript specifies that this is the third bill of exchange, payable provided the earlier bills remain unpaid—a safeguard used when transmitting financial instruments across the Atlantic.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eOne manuscript leaf, written on the front with contemporary endorsement on the reverse. Bold signature and generally clear text.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCondition: Light age toning and scattered spotting; central fold with small splits, minor edge wear, and a clipped corner. Good overall presentation.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"The Archive Authority","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44721898979406,"sku":null,"price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0768\/8155\/9630\/files\/IMG_3890.jpg?v=1793241056"},{"product_id":"1804-new-london-customs-certificate-signed-by-general-jedediah-huntington-martinique-sugar-shipment","title":"1804 New London Customs Certificate Signed by General Jedediah Huntington — Martinique Sugar Shipment","description":"\u003cp data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAn original partly printed customs certificate, completed in manuscript and dated September 20, 1804, signed by Revolutionary War general Jedediah Huntington as collector of customs for New London, Connecticut.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eTitled “Certificate for the Transportation coastwise of Goods entitled to drawback,” the document records seventeen hogsheads of white clayed sugar imported from Martinique aboard the brig Nonpareil on September 17, 1804. The cargo was subsequently shipped aboard the sloop Atlas, Samuel Chappell, master, bound for New York.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe certificate specifies a net weight of 17,178 pounds and import duties of $515.34, calculated at three cents per pound. Such documents helped establish the customs status of imported goods transported between American ports and their eligibility for drawback upon qualifying re-export.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSigned at the foot by Jedediah Huntington, a Continental Army general, an early member of the Society of the Cincinnati, and a customs collector appointed by George Washington.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAn appealing document connecting a Revolutionary War officer with the maritime commerce, Caribbean sugar trade, and federal revenue system of the early republic.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCondition: Light age toning, scattered spotting, storage folds, and minor edge wear with small nicks and short tears. Printing and manuscript entries remain generally clear; the collector’s signature is lighter. Reverse blank apart from show-through.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"The Archive Authority","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44728007393358,"sku":null,"price":325.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0768\/8155\/9630\/files\/IMG_3930.jpg?v=1793291616"},{"product_id":"1804-revolutionary-war-general-jedediah-huntington-signed-u-s-customs-document-west-indies-sugar-trade","title":"1804 Revolutionary War General Jedediah Huntington — Signed U.S. Customs Document — West Indies Sugar Trade","description":"\u003cp data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAn original partly printed customs certificate, completed in manuscript and dated September 20, 1804, signed by Revolutionary War general Jedediah Huntington as collector of customs for New London, Connecticut.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eTitled “Certificate for the Transportation coastwise of Goods entitled to drawback,” the document records seventeen hogsheads of white clayed sugar imported from Martinique aboard the brig Nonpareil on September 17, 1804. The cargo was subsequently shipped aboard the sloop Atlas, Samuel Chappell, master, bound for New York.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe certificate specifies a net weight of 17,178 pounds and import duties of $515.34, calculated at three cents per pound. Such documents helped establish the customs status of imported goods transported between American ports and their eligibility for drawback upon qualifying re-export.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSigned at the foot by Jedediah Huntington, a Continental Army general, an early member of the Society of the Cincinnati, and a customs collector appointed by George Washington.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAn appealing document connecting a Revolutionary War officer with the maritime commerce, Caribbean sugar trade, and federal revenue system of the early republic.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCondition: Light age toning, scattered spotting, storage folds, and minor edge wear with small nicks and short tears. Printing and manuscript entries remain generally clear; the collector’s signature is lighter. Reverse blank apart from show-through.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"The Archive Authority","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44728106680398,"sku":null,"price":395.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0768\/8155\/9630\/files\/IMG_3932.jpg?v=1793293135"},{"product_id":"1741-colonial-philadelphia-fur-trade-bill-of-lading-joseph-paschall-ship-constantine-bound-for-london","title":"1741 Colonial Philadelphia Fur Trade Bill of Lading — Joseph Paschall, Ship Constantine, Bound for London","description":"\u003cp data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAn early colonial American maritime document recording the shipment of a chest of furs and skins from Philadelphia to London, dated October 18, 1741.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThis partly printed bill of lading, completed in period manuscript, names Joseph Paschall of Philadelphia as shipper and Edward Wright as master of the ship Constantine, then riding at anchor in the Delaware River. The cargo, described as “One Chest of Furrs \u0026amp; Skins,” was consigned to Lawrence Williams, merchant in London, for the shipper’s account and risk. Freight was specified at four pounds.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSigned at the foot by Captain Edward Wright, the document retains a distinctive manuscript cargo mark and “No. 1” in the broad left margin. It specifies that four corresponding bills of lading were issued, with fulfillment of one rendering the remaining three void.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe printed text preserves the language of eighteenth-century seafaring commerce, opening “Shipped by the Grace of God” and concluding with a prayer for the vessel’s safe arrival. Its cargo provides a tangible connection to the fur and skin trade linking colonial Pennsylvania with the London market more than three decades before American independence.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCondition: Light age toning, old folds, scattered spotting, and minor edge wear and irregularities. A pronounced vertical center fold is visible. Printed text and manuscript entries remain generally clear, with a bold captain’s signature. Please examine the photograph for condition details.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eA compelling example of early Pennsylvania commerce, colonial shipping, and the Atlantic fur trade.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"The Archive Authority","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44730182860878,"sku":null,"price":795.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0768\/8155\/9630\/files\/IMG_3969.jpg?v=1793309108"},{"product_id":"1839-smithsonian-institution-bill-john-quincy-adams-proposed-national-observatory-original-congressional-printing","title":"1839 Smithsonian Institution Bill — John Quincy Adams — Proposed National Observatory — Original Congressional Printing","description":"\u003cp data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAn early legislative document in the development of the Smithsonian Institution: House Bill 1160, reported by former President John Quincy Adams from the Joint Committee on the Smithsonian Fund on February 16, 1839.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eIssued during the third session of the Twenty-Fifth Congress, this five-page bill proposes a framework for administering James Smithson’s bequest to the United States for the increase and diffusion of knowledge.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eIts provisions establish a proposed governing body, authorize the appointment of a secretary and treasurer, protect the fund’s principal, and provide for interest at six percent annually. Particularly noteworthy is the appropriation of $30,000 toward an astronomical observatory in Washington, equipped with scientific instruments and books, with provision for publishing observations and a nautical almanac.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe bill records John Quincy Adams’s vision for the Smithsonian as a center for astronomical research. It predates the institution’s establishment in 1846 and represents an earlier proposal rather than the final enacted charter.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWashington, 1839. Five printed pages, with numbered legislative lines, housed in later marbled-paper wrappers. Adams’s name appears in print; unsigned.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCondition: Light age toning, minor spotting and edge wear, small marginal chips or nicks, and pencil annotations on the first page. Text appears complete through page five. Attractive later marbled wrappers.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eA desirable document connecting presidential history, American astronomy, and the origins of the Smithsonian Institution.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"The Archive Authority","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44751646916686,"sku":null,"price":495.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0768\/8155\/9630\/files\/IMG_4051.jpg?v=1793485755"},{"product_id":"thomas-edison-1925-eyewitness-account-of-a-laboratory-visit-with-candid-comments-on-henry-ford-leadership-the-scopes-trial","title":"THOMAS EDISON—1925 EYEWITNESS ACCOUNT OF A LABORATORY VISIT, WITH CANDID COMMENTS ON HENRY FORD, LEADERSHIP \u0026 THE SCOPES TRIAL","description":"\u003cp data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eA. H. Krieger. Six-page typescript dated New York, July 10, 1925, with handwritten corrections and additions.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAn absorbing, apparently contemporary account of a day spent with Thomas Alva Edison, recording a visit to his New Jersey laboratory and a luncheon attended by Harrington Emerson, members of the Edison family, and company representatives.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eIdentified in the handwritten heading as a report by A. H. Krieger, the narrative offers a remarkably candid portrait of Edison in his later years. Krieger describes the inventor’s office, crowded with desks, pictures, cabinets, and relics; his physical appearance and working habits; and the practical difficulties of conversing with him because of his pronounced deafness.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eOf particular interest are Edison’s reported comments about Henry Ford. Discussing leadership, Krieger records that Edison considered Ford a man with “worlds of force” but “not a good leader,” suggesting that others within Ford’s organization supplied that ability. A further exchange explores the use of electrical “voltage” and “amperage” as metaphors for human character.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe account also records a discussion of the ongoing Scopes evolution trial, with references to William Jennings Bryan and Clarence Darrow. Dated July 10, 1925, the narrative places this conversation on the trial’s opening day.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAdditional passages describe Charles Edison, Mrs. Edison’s lively participation at luncheon, Edison’s interest in sales psychology, and entertainment by Edison phonograph singers. The report combines personal observation, industrial history, and an unusually frank assessment of a celebrated American inventor.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSix pages, apparently complete as an account, with manuscript revisions in an unidentified hand. Age toning, creasing, edge tears and chipping, scattered small losses, and paperclip marking; photographed text remains substantially legible.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe narrative mentions an Edison-signed response produced during the visit, but no Edison autograph is visible on these sheets. Offered as an eyewitness typescript concerning Edison.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"The Archive Authority","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44756418854990,"sku":null,"price":995.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0768\/8155\/9630\/files\/IMG_4087.jpg?v=1793569321"},{"product_id":"elvis-presley-1958-rca-victor-record-shipment-to-graceland-with-recording-and-reissue-paperwork","title":"Elvis Presley — 1958 RCA Victor Record Shipment to Graceland, with Recording and Reissue Paperwork","description":"\u003cp data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAn engaging four-item collection documenting the business behind Elvis Presley’s recordings, highlighted by a June 11, 1958 shipment of phonograph records from RCA Victor in Nashville to Elvis at Graceland.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe principal document is a yellow-and-red Railway Express Agency Air Express shipper’s receipt, naming Elvis Presley at 3764 Highway 51 South, Memphis, Tennessee. RCA Victor’s Nashville office shipped one package described as “phono records,” weighing two pounds, with a declared value of $50. The receipt is dated the morning after Presley’s June 10 Nashville recording session. Individual recordings and disc formats are not specified.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAccompanying material comprises a later recording-session reference sheet listing four celebrated titles, including “A Big Hunk O’ Love” and “I Need Your Love Tonight”; an undated Jordanaires payment statement totaling $909; and an annotated “Presley Prepack from England” working list relating to catalog and reissue preparation.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe recording reference sheet includes release information extending into September 1977 and should be understood as later reference material concerning the 1958 recordings.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCondition: Generally good, with toning, creases, handling wear, small edge tears, and handwritten working annotations. The receipt retains its carbon backing. No Elvis Presley autograph is represented.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eA compelling group for collectors of Elvis recording history, RCA Victor memorabilia, and Graceland-related documents.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"The Archive Authority","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":44771415654478,"sku":null,"price":975.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0768\/8155\/9630\/files\/IMG_4100.jpg?v=1793631985"}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0768\/8155\/9630\/collections\/57_a79b689e-2142-4cf8-bb70-55e04e9e3344.jpg?v=1792421434","url":"https:\/\/thearchiveauthority.com\/collections\/commerce-and-industry.oembed?page=2","provider":"The Archive Authority","version":"1.0","type":"link"}